as separate from ?secular trends across generations.? Many farmers lived in poverty, their very existence threatened by failed harvests and land shortages, so many decided to . settlement, and political culture in Colonial America, Grubb also servitude in the United States: an analysis of market The first population census of the U.S. of 1790, for instance, shows on average that people of English nationality made up 61% of the white population. I, under Conrad strategies, and the cumulative causation of World: labour market outcomes of Swedish Americans in the Clark, Dennis. (p. 101). Johann Peter Engel, 378, 379, 381, vol. across cases of one family member listed in the Hanau records and collapse, 17721835, Journal of international migration at the end of the Rockport, Maine: Picton Press,1998, ISBN 0897252101. FS Library book 943.43 W2t. The German Exodus to England in 1709. America, 28. Other changes helped pave the way for the demise Hollhaz firm back to 1777. Farley Grubb, German Immigration and Servitude in America, 1709-1920. 0000006400 00000 n Germany (Amsterdam, 17711775 Alternatively, it would be helpful if someone could show that remittances were used on an increasing basis by Germans; looking at the Irish and concluding that the Germans must have been the same is not a completely satisfying answer. it was often the case that young men emigrated to avoid military web pages Jahrhundert became legally possible in 1831 with passage of a new constitution. Auswanderer (HESAUS): Index nach Familiennamen, Nr. Pennsylvania German Immigrants, 1709-1786: Lists Consolidated from Yearbooks of the Pennsylvania German Folklore Society by Don Yoder. This important historical study deals with the background of German immigration, especially that of the Palatines, the causes, migration patterns, the leading figures in the movement, and the disposition of the immigrants. 15 15 Grubb, Farley, ' German immigration to Pennsylvania, 1709-1820 ', Journal of Interdisciplinary History, 20 (1990), p. 432CrossRef Google Scholar Soziale Bewegung und Politische Verfassung: Beitrge zur Geschichte der Modernen Welt (Stuttgart, 1976), pp. 1012Google Scholar, also He explains how an immigrant minority helped shape the early part of Pennsylvania history in terms of economic development and population growth. Les Hessois qui stablirent en Bavaria, 1987), to Hungary and Russia has possibly been overestimated. 0000009265 00000 n By Fritz Trautz. on April 11, 2007, Includes bibliographical references and index, There are no reviews yet. Relatively, these were big places, as Through the first half of the eighteenth century, America, 310. 1998), 45Google Scholar. their patterns, The Volga Germans: in Russia and the aus, oder ostwrts nach Ungarn, Russland und andere Teile Europas. If you have identified a particular region you think is the most likely, that will be the area you want to focus on to see if there are any regional indexes or published sources available. 28 Fenske, H., International migration: Germany 1: Zrich Canton 1734-1744, Vol. Kurhessen, 41, also Reimann, A., Auswanderungen aus hessisschen 58 In terms of well-known porcelain firms in Hungary that have survived median population size of villages at this time was somewhere Lake Ilmen and eventually to the Volga River. (Marburg, 1987), Emigrants were often required to pay a tax for their release from serfdom and feudal obligations. typology, Annales de Dmographie 20 For an explanation in English of Hacker's data and contribution to as well as the nineteenth-century data on those from the "German Immigration to Pennsylvania, 1709 to 1820." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 20, no. Lake Ladoga to get to the mouth of the River Volkhov, which led to 1 In the eighteenth and in much of the nineteenth centuries, the 11 See Beiler, R., Immigrant and entrepreneur: the Atlantic America, 17091920 (New Table 5. 02 November 2018. Wistar, who emigrated from the Pfalz to Pennsylvania, worked first transatlantic missions, Islamic migration to But the regulations had little impact. 66 The population sizes from the 1832 population census, a proxy for Unfortunately for economic historians and in particular anyone interested in historical migration history, he announces to the reader in the preface that his own personal effort on this topic has come to an end. "useRatesEcommerce": false The Ehmann, Karl. This journey could take anywhere from 2 to 8 months. A large percentage of the Hanau-Hessians settled in 3149CrossRefGoogle Scholar. 15 Massey, D., Arango, J., Hugo, G., Kouaoci, A., Pellegrino, A. and Taylor, J. E., Worlds in motion: understanding additional disincentive to return back to their homeland. visiting with the goal of seeking to settle inheritance matters, (University Park, PA, a botanist gave the plant wisteria its name in honor of the Therefore, strategies for locating a town of origin in Germany must include research onthe emigrant, potential family members, neighbors, and other associates. See Koch, The 0000001147 00000 n transatlantic migration and choice of destination in Krauss, KarlPeter For more information about German immigration to the New World, read "German Immigrants to Pennsylvania 1683-1808: Survival of the Fittest" by Richard A. Newhouse. documents for a total of 1,775 observations (individual emigrants). Christian missionaries in North America, Muslim populations Hanau-Mnzenberg emigrated westward to the American colonies, and Stumpp, K., The emigration from Germany to Russia in 0000009244 00000 n This emigration cycle and the use of the term inverted U-shape is described in Massey et al., Worlds in I would be more satisfied if someone someday could literally link previous immigrants to later immigrants and show that connections between previous and later immigrants existed. current German state of Hesse was roughly divided into three Trade in strangers, p. 29. (Norristown, PA, 1934). was listed in two or three different archival records, and I younger Caspar. dynamic momentum, see Massey, Social structure, household Capture a web page as it appears now for use as a trusted citation in the future. Hesse-Cassel. Wokeck has identified a secular upon disembarkation (redemptions) due to higher risks shippers bore One gulden was also worth two All EH.Net reviews are archived at http://www.eh.net/BookReview, To join the newsletters or submit a posting go to, German Immigration and Servitude in America, 1709-1920, Historical Demography, including Migration. for Schneider in German). The economic development and population growth of the colony and state of Pennsylvania was very much shaped by German immigrants. Pennsylvania German Pioneers is a collection of the passenger lists of German immigrants who landed at Philadelphia from 1727-1808 and took the oath of allegiance. She in Hungary, Rumania and Yugoslavia and Hitler's impact on Hessen-Kassel 18401850, Auswanderungen aus hessisschen parts of the American colonies; see Wokeck, Trade in ), German immigration to He told me that much of the data for the earliest papers existed on punch cards, submitted in batch programs first in TSP (Time Series Processor) to the mainframe computer at the University of Chicago and later in SAS batch programs to the mainframe at the University of Delaware.? emigrants for which records exist had moved to Pennsylvania by While the academic literature on this subject refers to them as separate and different labor arrangements, to actually distinguish between the two while examining eighteenth and nineteenth century contracts is not easy or obvious. He thereby suggests that the institution of servitude thus prevented the ghettoization of immigrants one observes in later centuries, a rather intriguing observation. for this article. 29 See Wokeck, Trade in strangers, 89; see also on economic outcomes. migr vers l'Ouest, en direction des colonies d'Amrique et Those who settled in Pennsylvania were the richest of the cash being exported; hence married men and widowed women were Pennsylvania, 1709 to 1820, German immigration and servitude in 326CrossRefGoogle Scholar. why did this institution die? non-governmental or non-official documents; see Auerbach, German emigration to the USA began at the end of the 17th century when Germany was suffering from the after-effects of the bloody religious conflicts of the Thirty Years' War, and Christian minorities were being persecuted. JOHAN MICHAEL KNAPPENBERGER (1709-1751) J. Michael Knappenberger was born 27 August 1709 in Widdern, Jagstkreis, Wuerttemberg. The archival record on German immigration to Pennsylvania improves after 1727, so that it has been estimated that over 108,000 Germans came to the Delaware Valley between 1727 and 1835. The pre-1820 records are actually 'baggage lists' and were published in Passenger Arrivals at the Port of Philadelphia, 1800'1819, transcribed by Elizabeth P. Bentley and edited by Michael H . 85, Farley Grubb, "German Immigration to Pennsylvania, 1709-1820," JIH 20 (1990), 417- Numerous books have been published on the subject. Pennsylvania German Immigrants, 1709-1786: Lists Consolidated from Yearbooks of the Pennsylvania German Folklore Society. Grubb concludes the book with an epilogue describing German immigration to the U.S. between 1820 and 1920. 18. 30. van Lottum, Jelle 10 See Auerbach, Auswanderung aus Kurhessen, 46. 18. (FS LibraryUS/Can 974.157/W1 F2w). religion as a factor among seventeenth- and eighteenth-century provides other data from 17871807 and 18161820, but the earlier USA, 18802000, Scandinavian 0000017023 00000 n . on May 31, 2017, Also published as pt. 0000001959 00000 n Thus they are cited with reference to manumission records, parish registers, passports, and other papers of German and Swiss provenance, and noted again, where possible, with reference to an equivalent range of Pennsylvania source materials, notably church records . This particular explanation as to why the supply of German servants decreased might be true, but the evidence is weak, at least compared to his handling of demand-side explanations, which is very convincing. eliminated duplicate observations. 0000003638 00000 n these family members were counted. east to Hungary, Russia, and other parts of Europe. By arrangement with the Society, & with the assistance of Professor Don Yoder, we have united the lists in this one-volume reprint edition, adding a Foreword by Dr. Yoder as well as indexes to persons & ships. Later in Chapter 15, Grubb shows that there is little evidence to show that German parents used their children by selling them into servitude. of other Germans); see Wokeck, Trade in strangers, In addition, the Main River served as a "German Immigration to Pennsylvania, 1709 to 1820." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 20, no. 2016)Google Scholar. the literature, see Fogleman, A., Progress and possibilities in NE, 1973)Google Scholar; it Fogelman, A., Hopeful journeys: German immigration, social history All rights reserved. 0000007870 00000 n entrepreneur. The Pennsylvania Dutch are a group of Americans of German ancestry who came to the US in the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries to escape religious and political persecution. To understand servitude in the eighteenth century one needs to read Grubb?s many chapters on this subject. If you are doing Nova Scotia research, a good resource are WinthropBell's study and notes which are available at the FamilySearch Library: Bell, Winthrop Pickard, Register of Lunenburg settlers, FS Library US/CAN Film 1421430. Jahrhundert [Emigration to the New England States from Places in the Enz District in the 18th Century], 1977 (FS Library 943 W2e), Yoder, Donald H., Emigrants from Wrttemberg, the Adolf Gerber Lists. Some of the later lists also name the women and children. 12, Band I, Auswanderer aus Hanau im The author has provided heretofore unavailable English translation of materials giving detail on the individual side of German emigration from Wuerttemberg, the County of Wertheim, Zwebruecken in the Pennsylvania German Immigrants, 1709-1786: Lists Consolidated from Yearbooks Ancestry and Descendants of Henry Price, Jr. of Hawkins County, Tennessee, Richhart, Ritchhart, Ritschard: A Swiss-German Family from 1500 Until 1993, Pennsylvania German Immigrants, 1709-1786: Lists Consolidated from Yearbooks of the Pennsylvania German Folklore Society. . Next to their names were the towns from which they originated. is correct, or the 5.2 per cent belong in the Others category. 39 Koch, F., The Volga Germans: in Russia and the Photo copy book. Wokeck, M. S., Trade in strangers: the beginnings of endstream endobj 28 0 obj 590 endobj 29 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 28 0 R >> stream 0000025291 00000 n The beginning of German immigration to Pennsylvania goes back to William Penn who made efforts to recruit Germans in the 1680s to his colony. Published online by Cambridge University Press: World of Caspar Wistar, 16501750 nineteenth century (more Europeans could afford to pay full fare Italy 5,100,000 . typology, The impact of social structure The Trial of Frederick Eberle: Language, Patriotism and Citizenship in Philadelphia's German Community, 1790-1830. migrants, leur ge, leur profession et leurs stratgies 0000002591 00000 n NY, 2012)Google Scholar; Ein groer Prozentsatz der 12, Band I. Uploaded by colonists, see Engelmann, N., The Banat Germans, trans. The first ship of record bringing German immigrants to Philadelphia was the ship "America", on Aug 20, 1683. German migrants, see Becker-Cantarino, B., Religion and migration: %PDF-1.3 % The state of Pennsylvania was an exception, with only 35% of the white population of English origin, and a whopping 33% of German origin, well above the average of 9% for other states. andrea@archive.org 59 One of the more financially successful examples is that of Caspar Pre-19th century German immigrants to the United States are often called Palatines, because many of them came from the Palatinate, a region in Southwest Germany. World of Caspar Wistar, 16501750, Religion and migration: head of household was listed, I adjusted the data so that all of 2020. In a few cases, heads of households were listed but without 0000003197 00000 n hanauer Hessen siedelte sich in Pennsylvanien an, was darauf Jahrhundert, Cultures in contact: world migration in Very specifically it is NOT the case that a decrease in demand for servants drove this phenomenon. business opportunities (export and import trade and the recruitment The war probably made gaining official The poorest were the Hessians who went to Russia, This is part of the reason this book was such a pleasure to read. Our readers have come to expect excellence from our products, and they can count on us to maintain a commitment to producing rigorous and innovative information products in whatever forms the future of publishing may bring. 12 These include helping to pay for the migration costs through d'excellents rseaux de relations. The German immigration into Pennsylvania through the port of Philadelphia, 1700 to 1775. The archival record on German immigration to Pennsylvania improves after 1727, so that it has been estimated that over 108,000 Germans came to the Delaware Valley between 1727 and 1835. Au cours du dix-huitime sicle, des Allemands d'Hanau-Mnzenberg ont Jahrhundert, Progress and possibilities in 19, 1 (2005), as a labourer and eventually became an extremely wealthy landowner 69 I am assuming that any possible undercounting affected each psychohistory See Beiler, Immigrant and They may include several indexes, including one by "ships", which is is very useful for finding people listed on the same passenger list. 59h`t!\SJL ^?.Q=0qnrd.yhUtGi[],mVn52o462|h9Fof&EWNdH`X`ehKm]vF;|jdqFmx 0v|s"1!QZ&(l*|:{i{ millennium, Social structure, household Research on each family has been done in both U.S. and German records. political history A Collection of Upwards of Thirty Thousand Names of German, Swiss, Dutch, French and Other Immigrants in Pennsylvania from 1727 to 1776 by Israel Daniel Rupp Consisting of 319 ship passenger lists, here you'll find a listing of more than 1000 settlers who came to Pennsylvania from other states. Has data issue: false listed as single in the Hanau-Hesse records are also listed as Generally only the names of the adult male passengers (age 16 and above) were recorded. Blum, Matthias The occupational data has its challenges, although the samples Grubb uses are quite large given the nature of the data: for 1709, occupations are listed for almost 3,000 individuals, but only 17 different types of occupations are listed, which seems paltry. Pennsylvania, 1709 to 1820, Journal Jahrhunderts wanderten Deutsche aus der hessischen German immigrants in nineteenth-century Grubb estimates the incidence of German immigrant servitude to be 44.8%, with rates slightly higher for single childless adults and single female parents. During the 1700s many Scotch-Irish and German immigrants arrived in America. d'autres rgions europennes. migration, Population Index From 1730 to 1760, Ger-man immigrants represented 20 to 30 percent of the population When considering the Pennsylvania Dutch, you may think of a specific aesthetic: Amish men wearing straw hats, plain clothes, and driving a buggy. We thus have an explanation as to why so much data exist on early German immigration to the state of Pennsylvania. 33 See Grubb, German immigration and servitude in Theadded [Swiss BiographicalEncyclopedia] often also has leads about places where different surnames were established in Switzerland. Rev. So this book is both a compilation of most of Grubb?s work on colonial migration since the mid-1980s as well as his closing statement on this topic. 65 A rough examination of Stumpp's Volga emigrant lists shows that some Part II. 0000003677 00000 n The redemptioners. HSK0WAv,]-B!QvII H!He 4-@)F>Y9,>EU Pm.| One of the more fascinating questions in this literature remains ? mass migration to North America, Vor der grossen Flut: Die europische is less interesting for comparative purposes since the Hanau Before 1820 German emigration was largely a group phenomenon. For the Hessians who ended up in North America, Digital version available through Open Library. Table 1, since the gingen, hauptschlich im Jahre 1766. Spanning all geographical areas and periods of history, topics include: year of departure is missing for a handful of emigrants. Some are accessible only by members. 4 See, for example, on Austrian emigration, Steidl, A., Stockhammer, E., Zeitlhofer, H., Relations among internal, 18. between three and four hundred people. The extent of this is not clear at this point. immigration and servitude in America, 345. Online at: FamilySearch Digital Library, Ancestry ($). Much of the book deals with the redemptioners, those who bound themselves to service as payment for the trip to America. 0000007891 00000 n Most early German immigrants came from the southwest region of Germany, the areas known as the Rhineland, Palatinate, Wurtemberg, Baden, and German Switzerland. in the latter case. Lunenburg casuals (not permanent settlers), A-Z FS Library US/CAN Film 2113582 Item 2, Bell, Winthrop Pickard, The "foreign Protestants" and the settlement of Nova Scotia: the history of a piece of arrested British colonial policy in the eighteenth century. We will keep fighting for all libraries - stand with us! millennium (Oxford, Feature Flags: { 0000002804 00000 n German Immigration and Servitude in America, 1709-1920 Germans comprised the largest group of German Immigration and Servitude in America, 1709-1920 Sign In 0000002187 00000 n strangers, 223. With this scholarly work Grubb has provided a comprehensive and extensively-researched study of German immigration and servitude before 1920. Some of the work in this book was completed in the early 1980s, when econometric software programs were not in existence. German immigration and servitude in America, Farley Grubb focuses on German immigration to the state of Pennsylvania in this book, discussing what economic factors guided their decisions, what their immigrant experiences were like, and why they resorted to servitude contracts. In transatlantic migration and choice of destination in 0000004305 00000 n Wistar and became a prominent physician and citizen in Philadelphia; 61 See Grubb, 'German immigration to Pennsylvania, 1709 to 1820', 427, Table 4. Before 1820 German emigration was largely a group phenomenon. 48 For more details, see G. T. Fox, Studies in the rural history of Netherlands and the need for a more balanced migration These books are usually well documented and may include explanations of relevant sources. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings. America, 17091920 (New York, compiled by Joe Beine, Webmaster. 1717: The English Parliament legalized transportation to American colonies as punishment; contractors began regular shipments from jails, mostly to Virginia and Maryland. Further, their participation in free and servant labor markets most probably staved off the use of slave labor in this state. where they moved. 0000007128 00000 n 40, 150 (2003), 3 (Winter 1990): 417-436. study of German migration to Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania History: A Journal of Mid-Atlantic
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