Historian Paul Moon has looked in depth at the development of Auckland over the 10 decades from 1900, drawing on diaries, newspapers and oral histories of the time. Sometimes, several [92] Although Salsette was under the British, but the introduction of contraband goods from Salsette to other parts of Bombay was prevented. In the 70s, nearly 60 per cent of all elected representatives in the Assembly seats of Mumbai were non-Marathi speakers. There was strong 5 See also. Abstract. Population growth would begin to increase in the 1920s, as a result of falling mortality. [8], The islands were incorporated into the Maurya Empire under Emperor Ashoka of Magadha in the third century BCE. The Governor of Bombay at this time was [citation needed], Geologists believe that the coast of western India came into being around 100 to 80mya, after it broke away from Madagascar. Under the Yadavas of Devagiri (later Daulatabad; 11871318), the settlement of Mahikavati (Mahim) on Bombay Island was founded in response to raids from the north by the Khalji dynasty of Hindustan in 1294. 4 21st century. [131] The first session of the Indian National Congress was held in Bombay from 2831 December 1885. The bomb killed 1 and injured 25. [67] With the construction of a good carriage road up the Bhor Ghat during the regimes of Mountstuart Elphinstone and Sir John Malcolm gave better access from Bombay to the Deccan. the Deccan to the British power, improved communications between Bombay On 6 December 2002, a bomb placed under a seat of an empty BEST (Brihanmumbai Electric Supply and Transport) bus exploded near Ghatkopar station in Mumbai. 53.00 (ISBN 978--521-76871-9). Under new building rules set up in 1748, many houses were demolished and the population was redistributed, partially on newly reclaimed land. [195] 209 people were killed[196] and over 700 were injured. y the late 20th century the factories started to decline along railways in India. [38] After the end of the Bahamani Sultanate, Bahadur Khan Gilani and Mahmud Gavan (14821518) broke out in rebellion at the port of Dabhol and conquered the islands along with the whole of Konkan. [124] Electricity arrived in Bombay in 1882 and Crawford Market was the first establishment to be lit up by electricity. [137] Around 850,000, amounting to half of the population, fled Bombay during this time. cleaning of streets. After the establishment of the Gujarat Sultanate in 1391, Muzaffar Shah I was appointed viceroy of north Konkan. [116] The outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861 increased the demand for cotton in the West, and led to an enormous increase in cotton-trade. 1777 - First newspaper published in Mumbai by Rustom Kersaspjere. [5] The islands were coalesced into a single landmass by the Hornby Vellard engineering project in 1784. [109] The earliest riots occurred at Mahim in 1850, in consequence of a dispute between two rival factions of Khojas. Later, his brother-in-law Nagardev for 17 years till 1348. The modern city of Bombay took shape in the 19th century. At the beginning of the century, U.S. citizens and immigrants to the country traveled primarily by horseback or on the rivers. [77], Yakut Khan landed at Sewri on 14 February 1689,[78] and razed the Mazagon Fort in June 1690. [129], The growth of political consciousness started after the establishment of the Bombay Presidency Association on 31 January 1885. [122] Violent Parsi-Muslim riots again broke out in February 1874, which were caused by an article on Muhammad published by a Parsi resident. . [135] On 11 August 1893, a serious communal riot took place between the Hindus and Muslims, when a Shiva temple was attacked by Muslims in Bombay. [141] The Dadar-Matunga-Wadala-Sion scheme, the first planned suburban scheme in Bombay, was formulated in 18991900 by the Bombay City Improvement Trust to relieve congestion in the centre of the town, following the plague epidemics. Theater of Conflict, City of Hope: Mumbai, 1660 to Present Times. [144] On 22 July 1908, Lokmanya Tilak, the principal advocate of the Swadeshi movement in Bombay, was sentenced to six years rigorous imprisonment, on the charge of writing inflammatory articles against the Government in his newspaper Kesari. [173], Nehru Centre was established in 1972 at Worli in Bombay. [91] Salsette, Elephanta, Hog Island, and Karanja were formally ceded to the British East India Company by the Treaty of Salbai signed in 1782, while Bassein and its dependencies were restored to Raghunathrao of the Maratha Empire. 2 many islands, a process that was Pratapbimba later reconquered the islands which he ruled till 1331. Avabai Jamsetjee Jeejeebhoy funded the construction of the Mahim Causeway,[98] to connect Mahim to Bandra and the work was completed in 1845. [46] Bassein and the seven islands were surrendered later by a treaty of peace and commerce between Bahadur Shah and Nuno da Cunha, Viceroy of Portuguese India, on 25 October 1535, ending the Islamic rule in Mumbai. In the year to March, Apple's revenues in India were almost $6bn, an increase of nearly 50% on a year earlier, according to Bloomberg. [citation needed] During the English East India Company's rule in mid-18th century, it emerged as an important port city, having maritime trade contacts with Mecca, Basra etc. [174] The Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority (MMRDA) was set up on 26 January 1975 by the Government of Maharashtra as an apex body for planning and co-ordination of development activities in the Mumbai metropolitan region. [200] There were a series of ten coordinated terrorist attacks by 10 armed Pakistani men using automatic weapons and grenades which began on 26 November 2008 and ended on 29 November 2008. [126] Bombay Time, one of the two official time zones in British India, was established in 1884[127] during the International Meridian Conference held at Washington, D.C in the United States. [115] The Commercial Bank, the Chartered Mercantile, the Agra and United Service, the Chartered and the Central Bank of Western India were established in Bombay attracting a considerable industrial population. The islands came under the control of the Muslim rulers of Gujarat in 1348, ending the sovereignty of Hindu rulers over the islands. [159] On 15 August 1947, finally India was declared independent. The crown ceded it to the East India Company in 1668. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. [48] Parel, Wadala, Sion, and Worli were granted to Manuel Serro between 1545 and 1548, during the viceroyalty of Joo de Castro. Bombay was hit by a drought in 1824. [79] After a payment made by the British to Aurangzeb, the ruler of the Mughal Empire, Yakut evacuated Bombay on 8 June 1690. Bombay was hardly affected. [26] He belonged to either the Yadava dynasty of Devagiri in Maharashtra or the Anahilavada dynasty of Gujarat. [119] The Bombay Port Trust was promulgated in 1870 for the development and administration of the port. [192] On 25 August 2003, two blasts in South Mumbai one near the Gateway of India and the other at Zaveri Bazaar in Kalbadevi occurred. [178] On 17 May 1984, riots broke out in Bombay, Thane, and Bhiwandi after a saffron flag was placed at the top of a mosque. [82] In 1728, a Mayor's court was established in Bombay and the first reclamation was started which was a temporary work in Mahalaxmi, on the creek separating Bombay from Worli. [85] The Maratha victory forced the British to push settlements within the fort walls of the city. by the joining together of [18] Christianity arrived in the islands during the sixth century, when the Nestorian Church made its presence in India. It was part of Ashokas empire in the 3rd century bce, and in the 2nd century ce it was known as Heptanesia to Ptolemy, the ancient Egyptian astronomer and geographer of Greek descent. 1 Demographic research suggests that at the beginning of the 19 th century no country in the world had a life expectancy longer than 40 years. East India Company; after the war it reverted to the Crown. [14] After the end of the Satavahana rule in 250 CE, the Abhiras of Western Maharashtra and Vakatakas of Vidarbha held dominion over the islands. the Economic and Political Weekly Constructions. [163] In the 1955 Lok Sabha discussions, when Bombay State was being re-organised along linguistic lines into the states of Maharashtra and Gujarat. By the time the newspapers had confirmed news Those protests led to the states partition into the modern states of Gujarat and Maharashtra in 1960, and Bombay was made the capital of Maharashtra that year. [117] The Victoria Gardens was opened to the public in 1862. The blast occurred a day ahead of the visit of Atal Bihari Vajpayee, the then Prime Minister of India to the city. [121] The Bombay Electric Supply and Transport (BEST), originally set up as a tramway company: Bombay Tramway Company Limited, was established in 1873. [41] However, the Portuguese paid their first visit to the islands on 21 January 1509, when they landed at Mahim after capturing a Gujarat barge in the Mahim creek. Descendants of the Yadavas are found in contemporary Mumbai, and most of the place-names on the island date from that era. [133] The Victoria Terminus of the Great Indian Peninsular Railway, one of the finest stations in the world, was completed in May 1888. [67] The Bank of Bombay, the oldest bank in the city, was established in 1840,[106] and the Bank of Western India in 1842. Yet, as the population increased, unkempt, overcrowded, and unsanitary conditions became more widespread. From farm to city each given over to one person, and a common toilet. Bhima of Mahikavati established a small kingdom in the area during the late 13th century, and brought settlers. Most often, the mill workers were men whose families stayed back in - Internet Geography Why is Mumbai growing? By the turn of the 19th century, however, external events helped stimulate the growth of the city. The black soils of the mainland near Bombay were ideal for growing cotton. In 1348 the island was conquered by invading Muslim forces and became part of the kingdom of Gujarat. [32], In 1526, the Portuguese established their factory at Bassein. ritish people also set up textiles factories in Mumbai itself with huge numbers migrating from all over the region to work in the factories during the 19th and 20th century. At least 44 people were killed and 150 injured. Each of the studies reviewed here devotes considerable attention to developments since the 1920s. [54] During this time, Bombay's main trade was coconuts and coir. Request Permissions, Review by: 1900 - By this year, 45 trains of Western Railway in each direction . ", "Local 'army' offers to protect Bombay's 'Castella', "Security, the central component of an early modern institutional matrix; 17th century Bombay's Economic Growth", International Society for New Institutional Economics (ISNIE), "Mazgaon fort was blown to pieces 313 years ago", Calcutta Magazine and Monthly Register 1832, Acquisition, Changes, and Staff (Acquisition, 17741817, "BMC allots Rs 14 cr to upgrade Mahim Causeway", Grant Medical College and Sir J.J. Gr.of Hospitals, "Sir Dinshaw Manockjee Petit, first Baronet, 18231901", "From Distrust to Reconciliation (The Making of the Ganesh Utsav in Maharashtra)", "The Swadeshi Movement: Culmination of Cultural Nationalism", "BMC will give jobs to kin of Samyukta Maharashtra martyrs", Heras Institute of Indian History and Culture 1983, "About Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority (MMRDA)", "The Great Mumbai Textile Strike 25 Years On", "Profile of Jawaharlal Nehru Custom House (Nhava Sheva)", "Victims await Mumbai 1993 blasts justice", "Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus chugs towards a new heritage look", "Blast outside Ghatkopar station in Mumbai, 2 killed", "Blast in Ghatkopar in Mumbai, 4 killed and 32 injured", "At least 174 killed in Indian train blasts", "India police: Pakistan spy agency behind Mumbai bombings", "Thackeray continues tirade against North Indians", "North Indian taxi drivers attacked in Mumbai", "HM announces measures to enhance security", "3 bomb blasts in Mumbai; 8 killed, 70 injured", "Death toll in Mumbai terror blasts rises to 19", "International Conference Held at Washington for the Purpose of Fixing a Prime Meridian and a Universal Day. [102] The success of the British campaign in the Deccan witnessed the freedom of Bombay from all attacks by native powers. This limit was further extended in February 1957 up to Dahisar along the Western Railway and Mulund on the Central Railway. [150] The first electric locomotives in India were put into service from Victoria Terminus to Kurla in 1925. The needs of the Industrial Revolution in 19th-century Europe greatly contributed to the (1) growth of overseas empires (2) beginning of the triangular trade (3) development of international peacekeeping organizations (4) promotion of political and economic equality in Asia and Africa Click the card to flip 1 Click the card to flip 1 / 39 By the second decade of the century the population of Greater Mumbai was approaching 20 million. [113] The Bombay, Baroda, and Central India Railway (BB&CI) was incorporated in 1855.[114]. With the destruction of Maratha power, trade and communications to the mainland were established, existing connections to Europe were extended, and Bombay began to prosper. The First Indian From 1857, Bombay's ethnic soup. Growth of Mumbai The following is a timeline of the growth of Mumbai 's population over the last four centuries: 1661: 10000 inhabitants [1] 1664: 15000 [1] 1673: 60000 [1] (Fryer) 1675: 60000 1718: 16000 [1] (Cobbe) 1744: 70000 [1] (Niebuhr) (large influx of people during the busy season) By Rajnarayan Chandavarkar. This had long been a mainstay of Bombay's commerce. In 1431, Mahim was recaptured by the Sultanate of Gujarat. The city was built DOUGLAS E. HAYNES. [11] The Kalachuris of Central India ruled the islands during the fifth century,[15] which were then acquired by the Mauryas of Konkan in the sixth and early part of the seventh century. The Battle of Swally was fought between the British and the Portuguese at Surat in 1612 for the possession of Bombay. [35] The Sultanate's patronage led to the construction of many mosques, prominent being the Haji Ali Dargah in Mahim, built in honour the Muslim saint Haji Ali in 1431. [168][169], In the early 1960s, the Parsi and Marwaris Migrant communities owned majority of the industry and trade enterprises in the city, while the white-collar jobs were mainly sought by the South Indian migrants to the city. India reverted to the British Crown. [108] The Commercial Bank of India, established in 1845, issued exotic notes with an interblend of Western and Eastern Motifs. Under the leadership of several Princes, the Sepoys the Dan Ives of Wedbush Securities, an investment firm . the rooms were often occupied by several people. However, this economic boom was at the base of one of However, the population of Bombay was barracks, each building had three floors. There was a rapid [67], In 1838, the islands of Colaba and Little Colaba were connected to Bombay by the Colaba Causeway. [180] In December 1992 January 93, over 1,000 people were killed and the city paralyzed by communal riots between the Hindus and the Muslims caused by the destruction of the Babri Mosque in Ayodhya. [61][62] However, Salsette, Mazagaon, Parel, Worli, Sion, Dharavi, and Wadala still remained under Portuguese possession. Soon it was trading in salt, rice, ivory, cloth, lead and sword blades with many Indian ports as well as with the Arabian cities of Mecca and Basra. It also shaped sports culture as well as the sports industry specifically Baseball and the Football Association into what is today. to accommodate the whole family. Vile Parle was the headquarters of the movement[153] in Bombay under Jamnalal Bajaj. suppressed; but This work was completed in 1845, but By Mariam Dossal. The Asiatic Society of Bombay (Town Hall) was completed in 1833,[67][104] and the Elphinstone College was built in 1835. [68] He offered various business incentives, which attracted Parsis, Goans, Jews, Dawoodi Bohras, Gujarati Banias from Surat and Diu, and Brahmins from Salsette. The Cotton Exchange was established in of the war, it was over. other things, set out the possibility of demolition of encroachments. [51], The Portuguese encouraged intermarriage with the local population, and strongly supported the Roman Catholic Church. Almost everyone in the world lived in extreme poverty, we had very little medical knowledge, and in all countries our ancestors had . [49] Salsette was granted for three years to Joo Rodrigues Dantas, Cosme Corres, and Manuel Corres. He implemented Aungier's plans for the fortification of the island, and had walls built from Dongri in the north to Mendham's point in the south. It was converted into a township in 1949, and named Ulhasnagar by the then Governor-General of India, C. The three maps show the global history of life expectancy over the last two centuries. 1880s. This volcanic activity resulted in the formation of basaltic outcrops, such as the Gilbert Hill, that are seen at various locations in the city. Importance Of Globalization In Mumbai. [16] The Greek merchant Cosmas Indicopleustes visited Kalyan (near Mumbai) during 530550. These workers were called Kamathis, and their enclave was called Kamathipura. more or less completed by the first half of the century. In the late 18th and early 19th century railway network came into being in Mumbai due to which Mumbai became central in the trade and commerce and with the emergence of port . In the 19th century, trade unionism was mainly a movement of skilled workers. [19] The Mauryan presence ended when the Chalukyas of Badami in Karnataka under Pulakeshin II invaded the islands in 610. The University of Bombay was the first modern institution of higher education to be established in India in 1857. [7] They were Dravidian in origin and included a large number of scattered tribes along the Vindhya Plateau, Gujarat, and Konkan. A few years later the city changed its name to Mumbai, the Marathi name for the city.
Michelbook Country Club Menu, Articles G