Phoenix has experienced rapid population growth in recent decades due to its warm climate and affordable housing, and has also attracted businesses due to its low labor and operating costs. For instance, migrants may send money back to their home countries, providing an important source of income, but they may also compete with local workers for jobs. The free-response question no stimulus found there reads as follows: In most countries, the concept of the state as a political unit is subject to the tensions between centrifugal and centripetal forces. For example, multinational corporations may invest in urban areas to take advantage of cheaper labor, leading to increased urbanization in those areas. Access to high-levels of education and relatively high levels of female empowerment, Access to reliable medical care and sufficient food security, Access to high-level telecommunication and transportation technology, The ability to vote and to buy and sell on an open market. True or false: life expectancy is often higher in LICs. Be perfectly prepared on time with an individual plan. Transnational corporations (TNCs) are large businesses that operate in multiple countries. transport network, money from farming, power supplies, communications
Uneven development describes how development is different across the world. Industrialization consumer goods more affordable and available, Railroads increased circulation of goods, people, and ideas, Demand for raw materials increased, new sources acquired by steamship, Women gained economic power with opportunities in factories, Countries develop with more trade and more knowledge of economics, Development should be sustainable to prevent depletion of limited natural resources. Ch 1 Key Issue 2: Why is Each Point on Earth, World History and Geography: Modern Times. fd.f. =40,95=40,95=40,95 percent confidence, b. d.f.=80,95d . 2) Transitional phase / pre-take off - Building infrastructure that is needed before development can take place, e.g. Which of the following statements is best supported by the images? The goal of JIT is to reduce waste, improve efficiency, and lower costs by reducing the amount of inventory that a company needs to hold. The UN calls the SDGs a blueprint to achieve a better and more sustainable future for all. For example, implementing public transportation options can reduce traffic congestion and improve air quality, while green spaces can improve mental health and provide opportunities for community building. None of these answers is correct; the Core-Periphery Model is no longer used by geographers. G) Analyze the effectiveness of one policy or program designed to address resource distribution challenges. The Core-Periphery Model is used by geographers to describe___________. Deindustrialization is the process of a region or country losing its industrial base and shifting towards a service-based economy. Other examples of cities in the Sun Belt include Tampa, Florida; Dallas, Texas; and Las Vegas, Nevada. Answer: Urbanization is the process by which cities grow in size and number as more people move from rural areas to urban areas. Why would the use of the cash payback period for analyzing the financial performance of theatrical releases from a motion picture production studio be supported over the net present value method? Demand and prices can change for these products; if there is an increased supply of the raw materials, then the price will be much lower. Aid is the transfer of money, goods and expertise to assist the development of LICs and improve the quality of life. Pretax accounting income for 2016 was$45 million. (E) Analyze the impact of globalization on state sovereignty, providing at least one example of how globalization has affected the power of the state. However, this has resulted in a power struggle for control over the countries, resulting in conflict and political instability, hindering development further. Coffee beans (the raw material) turn into coffee (the tradable product). The deliberate killing of a place through industrial expansion and change, so that its earlier landscape and character are destroyed. Coffee is the product. processes that incorporate higher levels of education, higher salaries, and more technology: generate more wealth than periphery process in the word economy. Go ahead and read the Changing economic world explanation to understand more about the different types of development indicators and how they are used. (E) Describe ONE centripetal force that governments use to promote the state as a nation. On January 1, 2013, Ameen Company purchased a building for $36 million. The middle countries (not LDC or MDC)- starting to industrialize.
AP Human Geography Unit 7: Industrial and Economic Development Patterns and Processes March 15, 2023 With so much information to learn and retain as you study for the AP Human Geography Exam, it's important to review effectively. For instance, as cities become more crowded, people may feel disconnected from their communities and may be less likely to engage in community events or activities. There are several ways in which sustainable development can be achieved, including: Implementing efficient use of resources: This can involve using renewable energy sources, reducing waste, and increasing resource productivity. True or false: tourism brings only positive factors to Tunisia. Uneven nature of growth creates a spatial gap . Are you interested to find out how wealthy your family is compared to the rest of the world? For example, droughts and other extreme weather events can lead to crop failures, which can increase food prices and make it difficult for some people to access basic necessities. While India is the second most populous nation in the world, the rate of economic development is much lower compared to nations like the United States (third most populous nation), Japan (tenth most populous nation), and Australia. It is characterized by a mix of private enterprise and government control. Many villages in Ghana don't have access to clean water. D) Explain the concept of transnationalism and describe one way in which transnationalism can impact the lives of migrants and the communities they leave and join. 9E Q'bUU*C4I5d4Nf\Xg.=@$]g:*2w1>JPyX0V[{YNMp6O~tT(tU^BT|KN 4uGw"fZ#qQX%7?)?4R3= Students were awarded a point only if they stated both sides of the comparison. Newly Industrialised Countries (NICs) are countries which are becoming more industrialised, moving away from agricultural production toward manufacturing industries. (D) Describe one way in which language can be used to promote cultural identity and unity. Manufacturing employment in the U.S. has declined from around 25% of the total workforce in the 1950s to around 10% in recent years. Stop procrastinating with our smart planner features. Uneven development is a global issue. Answer: Policies or programs designed to address the challenges of political geography can include efforts to promote democratic governance, reduce corruption, and increase transparency in government. Answer: Globalization can impact resource distribution by creating an increased demand for certain resources, leading to increased extraction and export of those resources from certain regions. 4) Drive to maturity - New ideas and technology improve and replace older industries, economic growth spreads throughout the country. A process of improvement in the material conditions of people through the diffusion of knowledge and technology. b. demand Answer: Two economic consequences of urbanization include increased job opportunities and increased income inequality. Push factors are reasons why people want to move away from a country. Round your answer to the nearest cent. Materials that other things are made from. Everything you need for your studies in one place. It can provide opportunities to challenge oneself and to appreciate the natural beauty and adventure of different regions. That is what this whole unit is about. Example: Canada. Chapter 1: Basic Concepts (Unit I: Geography: Its Nature and Perspective) Chapter Outline. A contemporary pull factor for migration is the availability of job opportunities in a particular country. Cultural and historical sites: These are sites that are significant for their cultural, historical, or archeological value and can provide opportunities for ecotourism activities such as heritage tours and cultural experiences. 3). Answer: One example of a policy designed to address the challenges of migration is refugee resettlement programs, which provide support and resources to refugees who have been forced to flee their homes. Assume an income tax rate of 40%. The value of the total output of goods and services produced in a country in a given time period, usually one year. How does climate affect uneven development? An example of agglomeration is the concentration of industries in a specific area or region. 2023 Fiveable Inc. All rights reserved. Examples include the Great Barrier Reef in Australia, the Galapagos Islands in Ecuador, and the Maldives. It is physically separate from the rest of the United Kingdom, a multinational state. Answer: Population growth refers to the increase in the number of individuals in a population over time. Students examine contemporary spatial patterns of industrialization and the resulting geography of uneven developmentfor example, the differences between urban and rural China or Brazil. Answer: Sustainable development is a development model that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. - The data handled by the new technology are recognized as important resource and so efforts are made to manage the data
During colonial times, resources and money would be taken from colonised countries, often for the benefit of the colonising country. e. demand curve The polluter pays principle: This principle holds that those who generate pollution should bear the costs of preventing or mitigating it. Natural disasters can also hinder development, as well as water insecurity. Example: Loans to countries in Sub Saharan Africa, Works to reduce barriers to international trade. People may be pulled to a HIC country, as there are more economic or educational opportunities. Example: The productivity of a certain car, five steps through which all countries must pass to become developed. Answer: A sustainable city is a city that is designed to meet the needs of its residents while also protecting the environment and conserving resources for future generations. Although there might be some elements of secondary and tertiary economic activities in these countries, the bulk of secondary economic activities areundertaken by countries in the semi-developed world - like Mexico, China, Brazil, and regions of India. It analyzes spatial interdependencies between social interactions and the environment through qualitative and . Urbanization is a global phenomenon that has significant social, economic, and environmental consequences. (MDCs) Provide some kind of service. Brain drain is when more educated people leave a country searching for better opportunities, work, or education. Migration is a process that has significant cultural, social, economic, and political implications for both migrants and the communities they leave and join. The amount of wealth or goods that people have. Making items for profit. What causes changes in the economic world? Sustainable development is a concept that refers to the use of natural resources in a way that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. This indicates social segregation, or the separation of groups of people, in this case, the rich and poor. This can take the form of economic policies that favor the interests of foreign corporations and governments, or the use of military or diplomatic pressure to influence the domestic policies of a weaker country. h. elastic demand. nLy,En[SP They use concepts of location and distribution to do so.Especially important in the study of human geography is the tension between . Additionally, as populations grow, more land may be cleared for agriculture or urban development, leading to deforestation and loss of habitat. Example: US and Canada, Provides loans to countries to reform public administration and legal institutions, develop and strengthen financial institutions, and implement transportation and social service projects. 3) Control stage - Management now gains control over the technology's resources by implementing formal control processes and standards that stifle almost all new projects. 2 - Antilia tower in Mumbai, the second most expensive house in the world. Example: Nike, The gross value of the product minus the costs of raw materials and energy. StudySmarter is commited to creating, free, high quality explainations, opening education to all. D) Describe one way in which climate change can impact population growth. Use ordinary interest at exact time to solve. Answer: A dialect is a variation of a language that is specific to a particular region or social group. Economic Sector (Consumer Services) usually thought of as a subset of quaternary. Includes research and development, finance, banking, real estate, insurance. F) Describe two ways in which urban planning can mitigate the negative effects of urbanization on communities. Governments are often challenged by the devolutionary factors that challenge state sovereignty. Possible Answers: Each goal is accompanied by a set of specific targets and indicators to help measure progress. The idea that resources come from the periphery and go to the core. In wealthy countries as much as three-quarters (in a few cases close to a hundred percent) of the population is engaged in tertiary and quaternary economic activities. D) Describe two environmental consequences of urbanization, providing an example of each. Are we all living equally? True or false: tourism has helped Tunisias economy, as well as improving other development indicators. But why is this the case? It is a holistic approach that considers the social, economic, and environmental impacts of development and seeks to balance these three pillars in a way that is equitable and sustainable over the long term. 0
(F) Explain the concept of a supranational organization and describe one example of such an organization. Technologies that are appropriate for a specific country. For instance, as more people move to cities, air pollution from transportation and industry can increase, and natural habitats may be destroyed to make way for urban development. Example: in charge of bus departures times, A company that conducts research, operates factories, and sells products in many countries, not just where its headquarters or shareholders are located. A way to measure the extent of sex inequality set up by the UN. The terms are listed in the order of the reading for each book. 1. Language is a key aspect of cultural identity and is shaped by a variety of social, historical, and political factors. Wind energy: This type of energy is generated using wind turbines that convert the kinetic energy of the wind into electricity. One example of such an organization is the United Nations, which is a global organization that seeks to promote international cooperation and resolve conflicts between states. For example, as populations grow, more people may move to urban areas, leading to increased social isolation and changes in community dynamics. Let's take a look at some physical, economic, and historical causes of this uneven development. The dynamic nature of the uneven development process is most pronounced at the urban scale at which capital is most mobile, resulting in, for example, the rapid gentrification (upgrading through the attraction of investment and new middle-class residents) of previously declining inner-city areas. One historical example of a factor that contributed to population growth is the Industrial Revolution, which led to improvements in public health and increased life expectancy, leading to a population boom. What are some strategies that can help to close the development gap? More industrialized. The access to health, or the amount of comfort/leisure and feelings of safety. (B) Describe two historical or contemporary factors that have influenced language distribution and diversity. Examples include the Maasai Mara in Kenya, the Amazon rainforest in South America, and the Borneo rainforest in Malaysia. Answer: One example of a policy designed to address the challenges of population growth is family planning programs, which aim to improve access to contraception and reproductive healthcare. A British charity called. refers to the level fo wealth, comfrot, mateial goods, and necessities available to a certain socioeconomic class or geographic area. International migration can also make development worse; more educated people tend to leave LICs searching for better opportunities elsewhere. Alternative to international trade that emphasizes small businesses and worker owned and democratically run cooperatives and requires employers to pay workers fair wages, permit union organizing, and comply with minimum environmental and safety standards. The U.S. is the main market for maquiladora exports, although they also export to other countries. F) Explain the concept of sustainable development and describe one example of a policy or program designed to promote sustainable development in the face of population growth. River valleys may also promote human settlements. It has been criticized for its impact on local cultures and economies, as well as for its environmental and labor practices. development that meets the needs of the present, without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Example: Can provide loans to places in Sub-saharan Africa. Required: 1. Development levels differ around the world. The spatial grouping of people or activities for mutual benefit. ( The last section of the core-periphery model). Students cultivate their understanding of human geography through data and geographic analyses as they explore topics like patterns and spatial organization, human impacts and interactions with their environment, and spatial processes and societal changes. For example, European colonialism led to the spread of European languages around the world, while migration patterns in the United States have contributed to the development of regional dialects. Answer: Globalization has had a significant impact on state sovereignty by promoting greater economic and political interdependence among states. They can provide a wide range of ecotourism opportunities, such as wildlife watching, hiking, and cultural tours. The idea that an imaginary line can be draw around the north pole roughly (excluding Australia) that encompasses the MDCs of the world. It can show countries that may have rising economies or those which are becoming more industrialised. the environmental impact of globalization and industrialization in various regions of the planet, the social impact of the modern cultural hearths of North America, East Asia, and western Europe, the division of the world into centers of pop culture diffusion, local cultural holdfasts, and a combination of the two. There are several key principles of sustainable development, including: Intergenerational equity: This principle refers to the idea that the needs of future generations should be considered when making decisions about the use of natural resources. Standard of living is the amount of wealth or goods that people have. Answer: Assimilation refers to the process by which migrants adopt the cultural norms and values of their new communities. Create and find flashcards in record time. Two features of a sustainable city include walkability and green infrastructure. Renewable energy refers to energy sources that are naturally replenished on a human timescale, such as sunlight, wind, water, and geothermal heat. The SDGs, which are also known as the Global Goals, aim to create a more sustainable and equitable world for present and future generations. For example, as populations grow, more water may be used for irrigation, leading to increased depletion of water resources. Economic benefits: Ecotourism can provide economic opportunities for local communities, such as employment and income generation. Industrialization, from ancient history to now, has helped power improvements in standards of living in periphery countries, but it has also contributed to geographically uneven . The effects of suburbanization are declining central city use, uneven development, declining park space, and pollution as suburban and urban sprawl both continue. An example of a transnational corporation is the fast food chain McDonald's. A growth pole is a specific area or sector that drives economic development in a region. Different countries around the world have different levels of development, which can directly affect the populations living in those countries. Business development is still very uneven within the UK, because of local transaction costs, variations in institutional thickness, agglomeration, external and urbanization economies, and the continued importance of face-to-face contacts. Answer: Language has been used to maintain or challenge power structures by shaping the ways in which people communicate and understand the world around them. This allows the car manufacturer to reduce the amount of storage space and capital that it needs to hold inventory, and also reduces the risk of parts becoming obsolete or damaged while in storage. Rural and indigenous communities: These are small communities in remote areas that are often dependent on natural resources for their livelihoods. Post-Fordist production is a term used to describe the shift away from mass production and towards more flexible, customized, and knowledge-intensive forms of production. D) Analyze the relationship between globalization and resource distribution, providing at least one example of how globalization can impact the distribution of resources. secondary and tertiary economic activities, primary and secondary economic activities. The map above shows Brazil's regional Human Development Index. Answer: One example of a policy designed to address resource distribution challenges is revenue sharing, where revenue from the extraction and sale of natural resources is shared between the government and local communities. It can provide opportunities to support local farmers and to learn about the production of food and drink. Refer to the reading assignments and the AP Human Geography Vocab Chart file listed below. the desire, ability, and willingness to buy a product, a. demand schedule Answer: Population growth can impact resource consumption by increasing demand for resources such as food, water, and energy. Industrialization, from ancient history to now, has helped power improvements in standards of living in periphery countries, but it has also contributed to geographically uneven development in semi-periphery countries. An example of a maquiladora is a factory in Mexico that imports raw materials from the United States, assembles the materials into finished products, and then exports the products back to the United States. Human geography or anthropogeography is the branch of geography that studies spatial relationships between human communities, cultures, economies, and their interactions with the environment, examples of which is studied in schools are urban sprawl, urban redevelopment etc. What is another name for natural resource curse theory? A) Define the concept of resource distribution and provide one example of how the uneven distribution of a natural resource can impact economic development. Traditional economy: A traditional economy is one that is based on customs, traditions, and the way of life that has been followed for generations. Let's look further into these consequences of uneven development, with some examples, too. Check out the AP Human Geography Ultimate Review Packet! Provides loans to countries experiencing balance-of-payments problems that threaten expansion of international trade. This describes the way that people become stuck in a vicious cycle of being poor. For example, the growing demand for electronic devices has increased the demand for minerals such as coltan, leading to increased mining in certain African countries. It can take place in a variety of settings, such as national parks, wildlife reserves, and coastal areas. Have all your study materials in one place. There are stark differences between HICs and LICs. The Sun Belt is a region of the United States that includes the southeastern and southwestern states and is known for its warm climate and rapid population and economic growth. Of these countries, only Vietnam does not qualify as a country in the semi-periphery. It is considered to be in the periphery due to its low standard of living. The second most expensive house in the world (after Buckingham Palace) is placed directly next to one of Mumbai's slums. The effectiveness of such programs may depend on factors such as community involvement, funding, and support from government and educational institutions. Also a blogger, keynote speaker, editor, podcast host, and conference presenter. Industrialization. An example of its impact on language diversity is the spread of English as a global language, which has led to the loss of other languages and dialects. Answer: Urban planning can mitigate the negative effects of urbanization by promoting sustainable development and creating green spaces. No country has this as main form of economics. A language, on the other hand, is a standardized system of communication that is used by a community of speakers who share a common linguistic history. Wildlife watching: This type of ecotourism involves observing and photographing wildlife in their natural habitat. Hopefully, this AP Human Geography study guide has helped you understand this concept more clearly so you can apply what you have learned when you take the AP Human Geography Exam. Examples include the Great Wall of China, the Pyramids of Giza in Egypt, and the Mayan ruins in Mexico. What are some of the challenges to closing the development gap? Coffee beans are a raw material. Ecotourism can provide a range of benefits, including: Environmental benefits: By promoting conservation and sustainability, ecotourism can help to protect and preserve natural areas and biodiversity. Cities have wealthier people and a larger middle class in China and Japan, for example. One example of a policy designed to promote assimilation among migrants is language training programs, which can help migrants integrate into their new communities by improving their ability to communicate with others. Percentage of a country's people who can read and write. 2). Answer: Technology can be used to address resource distribution challenges by enabling the efficient distribution of resources, such as through the use of online marketplaces or tracking systems that allow for better tracking and monitoring of resource use. (A) Define the concept of the multinational state. The precautionary principle: This principle states that when there is a risk of serious or irreversible harm to the environment or human health, lack of full scientific certainty should not be used as a reason to postpone measures to prevent that harm. These activities can take place in a variety of natural settings, including national parks, protected areas, and rural communities. Command economy: A command economy, also known as a planned economy, is one in which the government controls the production and distribution of goods and services. Population growth is a global phenomenon that has significant environmental and social implications. Let's put everything into practice. A) Explain the concept of urbanization and identify two historical factors that have contributed to the growth of urban areas. This shift is characterized by the use of advanced technologies, such as automation, robotics, and artificial intelligence, as well as the increasing importance of knowledge-based activities, such as design, research, and development. f .=80,95d.f.=80,95 percent confidence, c. d.f.=100,95d . Definitions for Topics 7.1-7.8. Vocabulary for AP HuG "The Cultural Landscape," by James M. Rubenstein, Chapter 9, Development and the next chapters.
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