I pray to God to let me do a little, and to cause my cry for them to be heard. Kevin Inouye Although fighting for a common cause, abolitionists Frederick Douglass and William Lloyd Garrison suffered a major falling out. Charlotte Sudol, Additional Hair/Makeup Frederick Douglass (Richard Brooks):Captain Brown -- I would never have known you, sir! Carol Berkin, Historian:And he writes back to her, "You're young and you have too much pride, and you're not helping the cause." It reveals how the movement shaped history by exposing the fatal flaw of a republic founded on liberty for some and bondage for others, setting the nation on a collision course. Chuck Rayner He had many more black supporters than white supporters. What is this? American Residuals & Talent, Inc. He telegraphed ahead with instructions to destroy the contents of his desk. Frederick Douglass (Richard Brooks, audio):Every once in a while, I could hear my master speaking angrily about "abolitionists." Yale University Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Post Production Supervisor Theodore Weld had committed himself totally to the anti-slavery cause, and had even pledged not to marry until the slaves were free. Wallace James, Jr. Garrison and New York businessman Lewis Tappan hoped to build on this momentum with a bold plan to directly confront Southern slaveholders and their supporters. As he contemplated his future, Douglass could imagine himself traveling forever in the shadow of his white mentors, repeating his story to small gatherings of the curious and the converted. He wanted to effect change directly. Josh Mumford But Grimk refused. L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Harold B. Lee Library, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah Douglass loved England and Ireland and Scotland so much that he almost stayed there. Narrator:Grimk's appeal met the same reception as Garrison's pamphlets. Here we have proof positive that there is an utter disregard for the compromises that have been made to found this American republic, to try to keep this thing running. It's a Godsend. In fact, he had been shaken to his core, his faith in his fellow man poisoned, his hope for his country undermined. Narrator:John Brown was almost killed when the Marines stormed the engine house. WGBH Educational Foundation John Brown (T. Ryder Smith):Well, sir: In one stroke we shall rouse this nation. He brought new life to the struggling operation, which had long been urging slaveholders to free their slaves so that they could be shipped back to Africa, leaving the United States a single-race country. But I believe we have enough to achieve our ends -- with your help. Narrator:Edward Covey was a farmer back on Maryland's eastern shore who traded on his reputation as a slave breaker. Soon, Philadelphia's monument to free speech lay in ruins. It is so deeply flawed by the fact that human beings are property, that that Republic is doomed. Angeles the Costumiers Their frustration was growing, and some of them were becoming more militant, but no one in power was listening. Without the abolitionists, I think one could say that slave owners would have turned the entire United States into slave country. Art Resource, NY We'll get him Hey, we'll get him on the way back out! And I think this is very appealing to anti-slavery Northerners who are really giving up almost on the political system and on nonviolent resistance. Video Response Worksheets will turn your history lesson into a rich educational experience that keeps students attentive, engaged, and accountable. Lois Brown, Historian:There's a kind of fearlessness about Angelina Grimk. Overview Abolitionism was a social reform effort to abolish slavery in the United States. Plunged into poverty, Garrison's mother left her children for years on end as she looked for work. And he isn't punished, in part because Douglass standing up to Covey ruins, or at least jeopardizes, Covey's reputation. I never saw joy before. Shannon Cain Kansas State Historical Society I'm not afraid of you We're not fighting each other, we're fighting the God-damned abolitionists Just relax You back off of me Don't you mess with me, boy. In the summer of 1829, Garrison moved to Baltimore, to take a job at the publisher's newspaper. She was reluctant to get involved, fearing that would bring disgrace to her mother back in Charleston. Hiroaki Sasa, Maps and Text Animation As soon as he arrived, Douglass set about producing his own paper, naming it after the most potent symbol of the Underground Railroad. The abolitionist movement typically refers to the organized uprising against slavery that grew in the 30 years prior to the United States Civil War. Narrator:For eight months, Garrison toiled away in almost complete obscurity. Slave owners wanted it all to be slave territory. Raymond (Jake) Henry Richard Brooks He traveled around the Northeast, gathering a handful of allies among white reformers, but not enough to support his venture. Henceforth, this day shall take rank with the Fourth of July. Natasha Mottola, Musicians Frederick Douglass (Richard Brooks, audio):I not only liked, I loved this paper, and its editor. James Brewer Stewart, Historian:Douglass is something really, really special. Narrator:Over the course of a few months, Douglass traveled three and a half thousand miles. Michael Bolt Thomas Nowlin He was invigorated in his new surroundings. Melissa-Leigh Nowicki Ian Edwards Narrator:On the evening of July 4th, 1854, an immense crowd gathered on the Boston Common to celebrate the 78th anniversary of American independence. Manisha Sinha, Historian:It's actually quite astounding how deeply entrenched it was in the nation's political and economic life. Carol Berkin, Historian:Angelina thinks he walks on water. Chris King Students complete a lesson on abolitionism that is structured around film clips from American Experience: The Abolitionists. A key is included to check for accuracy and to provide to Special Education students for differentia, This four-page, twenty-five question, download is intended to support Part One of, . It became dangerous once again to speak out against slavery. Frederick Douglass (Richard Brooks):My mother? Abolitionists were losing hope. Narrator:Garrison welcomed the notoriety. Julia Saunders But then, suddenly, his life collapsed: a series of business disasters plunged him deep into debt. We strive to make each one a learning, days and events of February covered in this pack are:Fo, This unit sheds light on six relatively unknown Black, in pre-Civil War America. It's also an example of how the institution of slavery not only degrades slaves, but it degrades the master. Douglass and his fellow agents were sent out to recruit the foot soldiers for this campaign: the men and women who would organize boycotts, raise money, and petition Congress. When he arrived he found the country embroiled in a presidential campaign unlike any other. Narrator:In November of 1860, Abraham Lincoln was elected president without carrying a single slaveholding state. And abolitionists are accorded a newfound respect that they had never experienced before. Hearse drivers have scarce been allowed to unharness their horses. The City of Petersburg, VA Michael Toland He and his daughter Rosetta had booked passage to Haiti, with an eye to emigrating there with his family. Angelina Grimk (Jeanine Serralles):It is my duty Mrs. Grimk (Crystal Cupp):It is not your duty, Angelina! There is not a nation on the earth guilty of practices more shocking and bloody than are the people of the United States, at this very hour. Janice Flood Not immediately, of course, but even a few thousand slaves in this vicinity will fly to our aid. Philip Wrencher. William Kaffenberger His eulogy was more than a memorial to one man. The Collection of the Madison County Historical Society, Oneida, NY But for Northerners, the most galling provision in the Compromise was the Fugitive Slave Law. John Jenkins. William Lloyd Garrison (Neal Huff):What else did you hear? What if that mob should burst in upon us and commit violence on our persons? "You will receive a zip file which contains a multi-episode bundle of all 3 Video Response Worksheets and Keys in PDF format and access to all 3 TpT Digital Activities for studen. Bringing to life the intertwined stories of Frederick Douglass, William Lloyd Garrison, Angelina Grimke, Harriet Beecher Stowe, and John Brown, the Abolitionists takes place during some of the most violent and contentious decades in American history. It was one of the contentious differences between the North and South that led to the Civil War. Armed mobs broke into jails to release fugitives, and even murdered slave catchers. Melissa Merry Carol Berkin, Historian:She believed slavery was a sin and that God would punish people who had slaves. Within months, he was thrown in prison for vilifying a slave trader. He had created a movement, had led it through every adversity without wavering. Lynn BandoriaRosetta Douglass R. Blakeslee Gilpin, Historian:Southerners have a right to be outraged. David Graham Joseph Debona, Jr. It must be crushed, it must be changed and reinvented. "I live a new life." A meal like this is a rare pleasure these days. Narrator:Garrison had launched his crusade in 1829. There, far from the violence and upheaval of abolition's front lines, they would take up their most influential work. He had once been a successful merchant and tanner, a good provider to his family. Pierre Haskins Sharif Folks Called by many names, the abolitionists tore the nation apart in order to create a more perfect union. She worked in another town for a few years. The Ohio Historical Society I was just a boy -- hushed, terrified, stunned. At each stop, Garrison was reminded that his protg was coming to eclipse him. Terms in this set (16) abolitionists. We need the storm, the whirlwind, and the earthquake. John Brown (T. Ryder Smith):You can preach for all eternity and nothing will change. Narrator:By the fall of 1830, William Lloyd Garrison was back in Boston, doggedly pursuing his dream of an abolitionist newspaper. Franky Garrison (Jacob Washburn):Fort Sumter. Troublemakers. Choir (Actors): to mansions in the skies, / I bid farewell to every fear, / And wipe my weeping eyes. They illustrate a broad range of talents and remarkable accomplishments for, included brief biographies are: Anthony HobbsYoung Frederick Douglass "Here you see your handiwork. John Charles Schneider, Special Effects Coordinators I was a man now. Simply, sir, we welcome and look upon you as our savior.". Dexter Wuest, Catering Some of the most famous abolitionists were white Northerners who believed it was wrong to own another human being. James Brewer Stewart, Historian:The abolitionists' argument is that all of this blood and treasure is gonna be wasted unless slavery dies. James Brewer Stewart. He was a fugitive. The Moorland-Spingarn Research Center, Howard University William Lloyd Garrison (Neal Huff, audio):Let Southern oppressors tremble, let their Northern apologists tremble -- let all the enemies of the persecuted blacks tremble. Season 1 Episode 3, This resource contains 56 questions with a key pertaining to, 53 minute film on Amazon. And now, a new battleground was opening up, on America's western frontier. Narrator:George Latimer had arrived in Boston in the fall of 1842, only to be thrown in jail at the request of a Virginia planter. Maren Reese, Costume Assistants By killing of five pro-slavery men, John Brown hoped to strike terror in the hearts of pro-slavery settlers in Kansas. But for Douglass, Lincoln's effort to placate the slave states was one blow too many. His friends in Britain had raised money so that he could launch his own anti-slavery newspaper. There is no there is no competition for that title. William Lloyd Garrison (Neal Huff, audio):I have labored unremittingly to effect the peaceful abolition of slavery by an appeal to the reason and conscience of the slaveholder. But for Douglass, that wasnt enough. Animals & Historic Transportation Provided by Rebecca Rachael Frye Lee Rogalski, Location Managers Now, the brightest and steadiest of all the shining hosts of our moral sky has silently and peacefully descended below the distant horizon. He called Douglass a liar, and vowed to track him down and send him to the cotton fields of the Deep South. Westover Plantation, Charles City, VA, Special Thanks David Kruta, Production Sound Mixers James Traynor Diane Heery, C.S.A. Trina ComissiongSlave Auction Child By far the larger part of the slaves know as little of their age as horses know of theirs, and it is the wish of most masters to keep their slaves thus ignorant. John Brown (T. Ryder Smith):You've been at this for years. Narrator:Douglass had fled the United States alone, a fugitive running for his life. Others, like Prosser, Vesey, and Turner, were black men and women who had been born into a life of slavery HARRIET BEECHER STOWE In 1811, Harriet Beecher was born in Connecticut. Frederick Douglass (Richard Brooks, audio):I never saw enthusiasm before. Angelina Grimk (Jeanine Serralles, audio):What is the mob? John Brown (T. Ryder Smith):Come with me Douglass. All those efforts to contain this issue couldn't work any more. Angelina Grimk (Jeanine Serralles, audio):Your letter was indeed a great surprise, my brother, and yet it was no surprise at all. One white friend read the document and advised Douglass to burn it. It is not light that is needed, but fire; it is not the gentle shower, but thunder. Agitators. Douglass would write a lament for the movement they had led, for their youth, for the generation that was passing from the scene. Russell Scott, Jr. Narrator:For years, John Brown had been trying to divine God's purpose, to make sense of his afflictions. A few weeks into the tour, the relentless pace and grueling conditions began to tell on Garrison. Tony Horwitz, Author:Douglass expected Brown to unveil a mission to free slaves and funnel them north along the mountains to freedom. Lois Brown Melondy Phillips In the face of personal risks beatings, imprisonment, even death abolitionists held fast to their cause, laying the civil rights groundwork for the future and raising weighty constitutional and moral questions that are with us still. Angelina Grimk (Jeanine Serralles):He's my brother! My friend, I have been over this a thousand times. Then, an explosion of violence halfway across the country suddenly propelled him to national prominence. These passionate antislavery activistsmen and women, black and white, northerners and southerners, poor and wealthyled the struggle that forever changed the nation. Representatives brandished revolvers in the halls of Congress, and the nation contemplated the imminent collapse of the Union. Narrator:In the spring of 1833, Harriet and two friends crossed over the river into neighboring Kentucky. Garrison, Douglass, and every other abolitionist had good reason to wonder whether Lincoln would ever sign the Emancipation Proclamation. For three years Douglass shoveled coal, cut wood, and loaded ships, often working two shifts a day. National Park Service, FRDO 3928 James Brewer Stewart, Historian:Brown was absolutely a genius at working the press, at giving interviews, at talking to people and turning himself into as fully committed a Christian sacrificial lamb on the alter of slavery as he could possibly be. Douglass brushed the talk aside. Now that's a huge thing. Narrator:On March 20th, 1852, a publisher released a book on a difficult subject by an unknown author. Now, if it is deemed necessary that I should forfeit my life for the furtherance of the ends of justice, and mingle my blood further with the blood of my children, I submit. Woody Chapman By the time Angelina and Theodore attended an anti-slavery convention two days after the wedding, Philadelphia was seething with racial tension. Manisha Sinha, Historian:This is when the South sort of closes itself completely on the issue of slavery. Nevertheless, Brown dominated the proceedings. John Brown (T. Ryder Smith):This is the sin, right here! You must cleave slavery to the ground! Lois Brown, Historian:He uses his time in African American communities and churches, in meetings, to think very deliberately about how to organize his own abolitionist campaign. David W. Blight, Historian:The first American Republic, the one invented in the Revolution in the late 18th century, had to die. The evening of Brown's execution, 4,000 people crowded into Boston's Tremont Temple. "Before this law, I might have tried to send him somewhere else," she wrote her sister. Paul Taylor, Second Associate Producer William Lloyd Garrison (Neal Huff):The government is in the hands of the party demagogues, who are the tools of the Slave Power. When the sun rose the next morning, Burns was still in jail, and the city was seething. In the face of personal risks beatings, imprisonment, even death abolitionists held fast to their cause, laying the civil rights groundwork for the future and raising weighty constitutional and moral questions that are with us still. All rights reserved. It was the first time where he could walk down the street and not have someone spit at him, not have someone scowl and call him a nigger. This product would work well in a unit which looks at. It almost doubles the size. Mother. William Lloyd Garrison (Neal Huff):Mr. Douglass! Northerners and Southerners had come to believe that the nation's destiny would be determined there, as new territories were admitted to the Union as either slave or free states. It was something to make the boldest hold his breath. There is a true partnership that can go forward. Abbey Taylor, Location Production Assistants They couldn't see that already they had shifted history. Narrator:Douglass took hope in Lincoln's candidacy, and publicly endorsed him. Garrison would have been even more wary had he known the full extent of Brown's plans. Julie Buck Written by Isaac Watts By speaking out in public, he risked capture by bounty hunter. We'll tar the nigger-loving son of a bitch. John Chiarolanzio. I am glad -- I suppose -- that you are so diligent about your faith. Narrator:Through 1847 and 1848, the question of the new territories festered. The Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University Rather, she came to understand the pain of mothers she would never know. Narrator:In the fall of 1829, Grimk resolved to leave Charleston and the pollutions of slavery, for an uncertain future in the North. Angelina Grimk (Jeanine Serralles, audio):"Respected Friend: It seems as if I was compelled at this time to address you. Within a year the Anti-Slavery Society had flooded the nation with over a million pieces of abolitionist literature, along with medals, emblems, bandanas, chocolate wrappers, songs, and readers for small children. Without the abolitionists, the Civil War would not have occurred. Frederick Douglass (Richard Brooks, audio):Aunt Hester went out one night, and happened to be absent when the master desired her presence. Angelina Grimk." Manisha Sinha, Historian:Garrison has hit Douglass below the belt. Coll Anderson M.P.S.E. So when men start to come to her talks, their antennae go up. Victoria Maryak Dilks Narrator:Shields Green and the other captives had already been sentenced to hang. TheNew York Globeurged that, "No public building, not even the streets, must be desecrated by such a gathering of traitors." Kevin Lawrence ODonnell Ian Mosley-Duffy A new country, a new constitution, a new history is going to come out of this. Your prayers and hymns are fraud, deception, impiety, and hypocrisy -- a thin veil to cover crimes which would disgrace a nation of savages. Robert Chase Kevin Hershberger Christopher James There is "a class of professed abolitionists in Cincinnati," she wrote, but they are "unfashionable" and are "regarded as a species of moral mono-maniacs.". Narrator:Among those who read the book was Douglass's owner, Thomas Auld. John Stauffer, Historian:It was truly a cultural event when he did publish it. Most ominously for free blacks like Frederick Douglass, Taney wrote that, "blacks were so far inferior they had no rights which the white man was bound to respect," and that, "any free black might lawfully be reduced to slavery, for his benefit.". It covers 30 vocabulary words and includes instructive clues that kids will be motivated to figure out. He did make time to attend anti-slavery gatherings, and was an avid reader of the most prominent abolitionist newspaper of the day, William Lloyd Garrison'sThe Liberator. A crowd estimated at 10,000 had gathered outside the Charleston Citadel. Failure to comply is a copyright infringement and a violation of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA). The Liberatorhad become not only the most influential voice of abolition, but the symbol of its tenacity. I have known the mistress of a family borrow servants to wait on company, because their own slaves had been so cruelly flogged, that they could not walk without limping at every step, and their putrefied flesh emitted such an intolerable smell that they were not fit to be in the presence of company. Frederick Douglass (Richard Brooks):Sir, you have no idea -- the entire state of Virginia will rise up against you. As Douglass listened to the proceedings, a friend from New Bedford unexpectedly called on him to speak. William Lloyd Garrison (Neal Huff):This -- the Constitution of the United States of America -- is the source and parent of all the other atrocities: "a covenant with death, and an agreement with Hell." William, she's the daughter of one of the most famous families in South Carolina. I never imagined William Lloyd Garrison (Neal Huff):You have an opportunity to strike a blow for the slaves who continue to suffer as we speak. Alisa Placas Frutman 2a. It is my deep, solemn, deliberate conviction that this is a cause worth dying for. Get the rope. Come on, boy. Narrator:The Grimks quickly found themselves at the center of a storm. , Video Response Worksheets serve as great emergency sub plans. The New Bedford Whaling Museum Drivers Now, I would like to introduce to you a graduate from the "peculiar institution." As he put it, "the logic and moral power of Garrison and the anti-slavery people" had done it all. In the 1820s, Charleston's aristocracy was one of the wealthiest societies on earth. Narrator:Garrison fled into a back alley, and hid away in a carpenter shop. William Lloyd Garrison (Neal Huff, audio):The American Union was effected by a guilty compromise between the free and slave-holding states -- in other words, by incorporating the slave system into the government. The result was mayhem. The Amstel House, New Castle, DE Helen Uffner Vintage Clothing For almost four decades, Garrison had dedicated his life to this moment. Special Collections, Fine Arts Library, Harvard University In some cases, abolitionists themselves were the targets, as when a New York mob burned Lewis Tappan's house to the ground. Robert Paziora James Brewer Stewart, Historian:The South Carolina legislature put a bounty on Garrison's head: $15,000 if you deliver his body, I think more if you delivered the whole man alive. He can bear witness to the true nature of that institution. R. Blakeslee Gilpin, Historian:Northerners become convinced that Southerners are hell-bent on moving slavery to every part of the country. As he headed west from his home in upstate New York, he collected money and weapons for the fight. American Experience: The Abolitionists. Narrator:Frederick Douglass returned home alone. Jane Samura In the fall of 1838, Frederick Douglass leapt aboard a train in Baltimore, slipped through the gauntlet of slave catchers prowling the border between slave and free states, and finally boarded a ferry bound for New York City. John Stauffer, Historian:Douglass's time in Britain was the first time in his life where he experienced a dearth of racism. W. Caleb McDaniel, Historian:When he started his abolitionist campaign as a printer, one could still hope in the early 1830s that maybe arranging types in a case, stringing words together into sentences, publishing articles against slavery, might persuade the nation to rid itself of slavery. Everett Grant Frederick Douglass (Richard Brooks):You know God's thinking? Narrator:Word of the abolitionists' efforts spread, even reaching the slave Frederick Douglass. Frederick Douglass (Richard Brooks):I see now why you are such an effective advocate. By the end of the week, Harriet Beecher Stowe's novel about the evils of slavery had sold 10,000 copies; within two months, 50,000. Finally, blinded by his own blood, Sumner collapsed into the aisle, and lost consciousness. Newspapers across the South celebrated the assault, but when news of the incident reached John Brown's encampment in Kansas, he and his followers were enraged. Patrick Phelan Angelina Grimk (Jeanine Serralles):It is my business! Narrator:Frederick Douglass returned to the United States in the spring of 1860, after Congress decided not to pursue Brown's accomplices, for fear of creating more martyrs. Liberators. The abolitionist movement was an organized effort to end the practice of slavery in the United States. R. Blakeslee Gilpin, Historian:You have the Northern establishment, every newspaper, saying, "This guy's a hero. The organization remained, with Garrison at its head, but membership and income plummeted. He quickly realized that Garrison and his allies were vehemently opposed to the notion, so Douglass kept his old mentor in the dark. That contribution to our bleeding cause, alone, involves us in a debt of gratitude which cannot be measured. In 1835 an angry mob destroyed abolitionist . Troublemakers. Franky Garrison (Jacob Washburn):Father! Opposition to Slavery The opposition to slavery started with the view that everyone is equal before God. It's not an abolitionist party. Rosetta Douglass (Lynn Bandoria):Civil war has at last begun. John Stauffer, Historian:Lincoln, in his inaugural address, approves and supports that amendment. Ronald Jenkins, Jr. When news of the arrest filtered out, Boston erupted in anger. James Brewer Stewart, Historian:Nat Turner's rebellion is a tremendous point of departure. But he's made this decision that it matters not. Fotosearch There are 13 LESSONS and a total of 29 FILES in, Immigrants & Reformers Unit: Lessons, Readings, Breakouts & Tests /Middle School, History is a complete social studies curriculum designed for middle school students of Early, History & Social Studies. Now she's genuinely a humanist, she's genuinely a person with great empathy for people who suffer, and great sensitivity to the inequalities in society. Season 1 Episode 1Year: 2013, This resource contains 33 questions with a key pertaining to, 54 minute film on Amazon. The case had seemed inconsequential: a Missouri slave named Dred Scott wanted the court to set him free, because his master had taken him to live in Illinois and then Wisconsin Territory, where slavery was illegal. Lois Brown, Historian:Garrison has to resolve this tension between clearly unapologetic armed resistance and strategy and maneuver, with pacifism and moral suasion. Mary Dutton (Virginia Fields):He wants to be noticed! Angelina Grimk (Jeanine Serralles):Mother, it is my duty to bear testimony against Mrs. Grimk (Crystal Cupp):Angelina, mind your own business. You said yourself, you became a man when you fought Mr. The names were already seared in the nation's consciousness: Bull Run, Shiloh, Malvern Hill. The ground upon which you stand is holy ground: never, never surrender it. Mr. Green, you've heard Mr. Brown. John Stauffer, Historian:Suddenly abolitionists are looking prophetic. The First Baptist Church Choir, Petersburg, VA, Locations Leiv CleggTeenaged Frederick Douglass The Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 made the hunting down of escaped slaves, even in free states, fully legal. Narrator:It was with a sense of foreboding and hopelessness that Frederick Douglass responded to an urgent summons in August of 1859 from his old friend John Brown. Marc Flicker Rather than backing down, Garrison upped the ante: Because the Constitution itself was corrupt, he charged, the Union was fatally flawed. Franky Garrison (Jacob Washburn):They said the major and his men, they can't hold out much longer. This Video Response Worksheet and Key is based on the PBS documentary series "American Experience - The Abolitionists - Episode 1: 1820s-1838." You will receive a PDF file which contains a Video Response Worksheet and Key and a TPT Digital Activity for students (worksheet only). This radicalizes the anti-slavery movement, arguably more than anything that had ever happened before. Elizabeth Heslep, Digital Imaging Technicians Amanda Deprez Narrator:On the morning of December 2nd, 1859, John Brown was driven from the jail, seated on his own coffin, to the gallows nearby. What began as a pacifist movement fueled by persuasion and prayer became a fiery and furious struggle that forever changed the nation. Their ship was due to sail in 13 days. The couple improvised their vows, denounced a man's authority over his wife, and, to cap it all off, they had a black minister and a white minister lead the congregation in prayer. You're just constantly trying to get out of it like a drowning man. Kurt Gran On the morning of March 7th, 1857, the papers brought stunning news. Crystal CuppMrs. Grimk Narrator:The one-time radicals were no longer outsiders. The representatives are the betrayers of the people. Nikita Moyer Danielle Sload, Supporting Cast The Division of Rare and Manuscript Collections, Cornell University Library Jeff Clanet Her health had been severely weakened by her public ordeals, leaving her barely able to cope with the demands of motherhood. From his jail cell, Brown kept up a stream of correspondence and interviews, which were breathlessly reported throughout the North. And a few were quietly wondering whether nonviolence could ever free the slaves. John Seaborne Charmaine Crowell-White This resource includes a ready-to-use interactive activity students can complete on any device. William Lloyd Garrison (Neal Huff):Tell your story, Frederick.