Anual cresc 17 orae mici", World Population Prospects. The later Roman province Dacia Aureliana, was organized inside former Moesia Superior. During the interwar period in Romania, the total number of ethnic Germans amounted to as much as 786,000 (according to some sources and estimates dating to 1939),[13][14] a figure which had subsequently fallen to circa 36,000 as of 2011 in contemporary Romania. At the time of the 1989 census, Moldova's total population was 4,335,400. The Diocese of Dacia (circa 337602) was a diocese of the later Roman Empire, in the area of modern-day Balkans. After the end of the war, the Romanian Kingdom managed to regain territories lost westward but was nonetheless not given Bessarabia and northern Bukovina back, the aforementioned regions being forcefully incorporated into the Soviet Union (USSR). [138] Authors that travelled to modern Romania who wrote about it in 1574,[139] 1575[140] and 1666 also noted the use of the term "Romanian". [91][92], A series of Byzantine historians, such as George Kedrenos (circa 1000), Kekaumenos (circa 1000), John Skylitzes (early 1040s after 1101), Anna Komnene (1083-1153), John Kinnamos (1143-1185) and Niketas Choniates (1155-1217) were some of the first to write about the Vlachs. [173][174] Haplogroup R1a among Romanians is entirely from the Eastern European variety Z282 and may be a result of Baltic, Thracian or Slavic descent. [95] The 11th-century scholar Kekaumenos wrote of a Vlach homeland situated "near the Danube and[]the Sava, where the Serbians lived more recently". A Vlach muleteer accompanying the Byzantine army noticed that the load was falling from one of the animals and shouted to a companion Torna, torna, fratre! Maybe I'm crossing a line here, but judging from her father's facial phenotype, he's very likely of Roma origins. For example, the 'broad Asian group' or the 'specific Pakistani group'. V. Mrcule, Vlachs during the Comnenian period, p. 46. One of the earliest examples comes from the Nibelungenlied, a German epic poem from before 1200 in which a "Duke Ramunc from the land of Vlachs (Wallachia)" is mentioned. Source: Rita J. Markel, The Fall of the Roman Empire, p. 17, harvnb error: no target: CITEREFHind1984 (, harvnb error: no target: CITEREFJones1988 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFJankovi2004 (. of the women were of Romanian ethnicity, close to half of the participants (49%, n = 70) had . Roman people. Subsequently, the Soviet Union imposed a communist government and King Michael was forced to abdicate and leave for exile, subsequently settling in Switzerland, while Petru Groza remained the head of the government of the Socialist Republic of Romania (RSR). [18] In Romania, there are also guest workers from countries such as Vietnam and Nepal.[19][20]. [40], 9.2 deaths/1,000 live births (May 2010);[41] down from 17.3 deaths/1,000 live births in 2002. Byzantine historians usually described foreign rulers as archontes. [23] Ukrainians mainly live in northern Romania, in areas close to the Ukrainian border. It is known as "Limba noastr".[130][131]. Before World War II, minorities represented more than 28% of the total population. Europeans have long portrayed the Roma/Gypsies as cunning outsiders who steal from local residents before moving. ), tennis (Ilie Nstase, Ion iriac, Simona Halep), rowing (Ivan Patzaichin) and handball (four times men's World Cup winners). The name of "Vlachs" is an exonym that was used by Slavs to refer to all Romanized natives of the Balkans. John Kinnamos, Epitoma, in Fontes Historiae Daco-Romanae, vol. The Moldovan language, in its official form, is practically identical to Romanian, although there are some differences in colloquial speech. The three principalities were united for several months in 1600 under the authority of Wallachian Prince Michael the Brave. For example, Onoriu Colcel considers that the terms "Romania" and "Romanian" would only have appeared during the 19th century. The closest ethnic groups to the Romanians are the other Romanic peoples of Southeastern Europe: the Aromanians (Macedo-Romanians), the Megleno-Romanians, and the Istro-Romanians. Roma, singular Rom, also called Romany or Gypsies (considered pejorative), an ethnic group of traditionally itinerant people who originated in northern India but live in modern times worldwide, principally in Europe. Where . Human Y-chromosomal variation in European populations (PhD Thesis). The contemporary total population of ethnic Romanians cannot be stated with any degree of certainty. Most Roma speak some form of Romany, a language closely related to the modern Indo-European languages of northern India, as well as the major language of the country in which they . Oxford: Oxford University Press. Editor i traductor: B. [72] According to the Laterculus Veronensis of c.314 and the Notitia Dignitatum of c.400, Scythia belonged to the Diocese of Thrace. [134] According to Tomasz Kamusella, at the time of the rise of Romanian nationalism during the early 19th century, the political leaders of Wallachia and Moldavia were aware that the name Romnia was identical to Romania, a name that had been used for the former Byzantine Empire by its inhabitants. [69], Scythia Minor (c. 290 c. 680) was a Roman province corresponding to the lands between the Danube and the Black Sea, today's Dobruja divided between Romania and Bulgaria. Thus the census definition of "Romanian" might variously mean Romanian-born, of Romanian parentage, or also include other ethnic identities as Romanian which otherwise are identified separately in other contexts; This page was last edited on 1 May 2023, at 20:40. There are different estimates about the size of the total population of people with Romani ancestry in Romania because a lot of people of Romani descent do not declare themselves Romani. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. 407, 414. [158] A 2006 poll conducted by the Open Society Foundations found that only 33% of Romanians attended church once a month or more. The names derive from the Vlachs, who had lived across much of these regions. King Decebalus who reigned from 87 to 106 AD was the last king of the Dacian kingdom before it was conquered by the Roman Empire in 106,[63] after two wars between Decebalus' army and Trajan's army. Petrache Poenaru, inventor of the fountain pen, Nicolae Paulescu, pioneer of insulin development, Victor Babe, physician and bacteriologist, pioneer of microbiology. [141] From the Middle Ages, Romanians bore two names, the exonym (one given to them by foreigners) Wallachians or Vlachs, under its various forms (vlah, valah, valach, voloh, blac, olh, vlas, ilac, ulah, etc. We avoid using 'broad' and 'specific' when referring to ethnic groups. [93] John Skylitzes mentions the Vlachs around 976 AD, as guides and guards of Byzantine caravans in the Balkans. Cei mai muli lucreaz n industria alimentar", "Europe:: Romania the World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency", "Comunicat de pres privind rezultatele provizorii ale Recensmntului Populaiei i Locuinelor 2011", "Hungarians in Transylvania between 1870 and 1995. ISBN 978-0-19-866277-8. sfn error: no target: CITEREFKazhdan1991 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFWiewiorowski2008 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFZahariade2006 (, Stelian Brezeanu, O istorie a Bizanului, Editura Meronia, Bucureti, 2005, p.126, Aksum: an African civilisation of late antiquity By Stuart C. Munro-Hay Page 145, Alexandru Madgearu | Originea medieval a focarelor de conflict din Peninsula Balcanic, pp=52-53. Romanians can also be found in many countries, notably in the other EU countries, particularly in Italy, Spain, Germany, the United Kingdom and France; in North America in the United States and Canada; in Israel; as well as in Brazil, Australia, Argentina, and New Zealand among many other countries. The influence of Roman culture extends beyond the borders of the Roman Empire, especially due to the influence of Latin and its expansion throughout Middle Europe. The Roma are an ethnic people who have migrated across Europe for a thousand years. The total fertility rate is the number of children born per woman. About 89.3% of the people of Romania are ethnic Romanians (as per the 2022 Romanian census), whose native language, Romanian, is a Daco-Romance language, descended from Latin (more specifically from Vulgar Latin) with some French, German, English, Greek, Italian, Slavic, and Hungarian borrowings. The second number includes all Romanians in Spain, thus taking into account second and third generation Romanians or nationalized ones that count as Spanish in the census. The mid-19th century political discourse of Romanian elites, which rejected the idea of transplanting Western forms of development onto profoundly Oriental societies such as those in the Romanian kingdoms, marked the Romanian national discourse for the next 150 years. Census 2021 and 2011 Census data on unpaid care and ethnic group in England and Wales. Lazr Edeleanu was the first chemist to synthesize amphetamine and also invented the modern method of refining crude oil. [9] Among the causes of population decline are high mortality, a low fertility rate since 1990, and tremendous levels of emigration. [124] "Vlachia", "Great Vlachia", and the other variants began to fall out of use for Thessaly at the turn of the 14th century, and with the emergence of the Principality of Wallachia north of the Danube in the 14th century, from the 15th century the name was reserved for it. The Vlachs killed David in their first documented battle. The National Institute for Research and Development in Informatics (NIRDI) gives the following numbers (the figure for 2020 was provided by the National Institute of Statistics - INSSE): Slightly more than 10% of the population of Romania is formed of minorities of Romania. Wallachia, the Southern region of Romania, takes its name from the same source. [126], Up until 1541, Transylvania was part of the Kingdom of Hungary, later (due to the conquest of Hungary by the Ottoman Empire) was a self-governed Principality governed by the Hungarian nobility. Victor Babe discovered more than 50 germs and a cure for a disease named after him, babesiosis; biologist Nicolae Paulescu was among the first scientists to identify insulin. [70][71] The capital of the province was Tomis (today Constana). "Vlach" was an exonym used almost exclusively for the Romanians during the Middle Ages. As a consequence of the pro-natalist policies of the Nicolae Ceauescu regime (see Decree 770), Romania has a higher proportion of people born in the late 1960s and 1970s its population than any other Western country except Slovenia. 12% of the Romanians belong to Haplogroup R1b, the Alpino-Italic branch of R1b is at 2% a lower frequency recorded than other Balkan peoples. The Romanians (Romanian: romni, pronounced[romn]; dated exonym Vlachs) are a Romance-speaking[56][57][58][59] ethnic group. sfn error: no target: CITEREFUnderhill_et_al.2009 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFUnderhill_et_al.2014 (, Molotov-Ribbentrop Nazi-Soviet non-aggression pact, third largest ethno-linguistic group among Eastern Orthodox, Roman Catholic-Eastern Orthodox Schism of 1054, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "68 Million Romanians live outside Romania's borders", "Rezultate definitive ale Recensmntului Populaiei i al Locuinelor 2011 (caracteristici demografice ale populaiei)", "// Recensmntul populaiei i al locuinelor 2014", "Romeni in Italia - statistiche e distribuzione per regione", "Publikation Bevlkerung Bevlkerung mit Migrationshintergrund Ergebnisse des Mikrozensus Fachserie 1 Reihe 2.2 2015 Statistisches Bundesamt (Destatis)", "Anzahl der Auslnder in Deutschland nach Herkunftsland in den Jahren 2014 und 2015", "Poblacin extranjera por Nacionalidad, comunidades, Sexo y Ao. [175] [176] Other studies analyzing the haplogroup frequency among Romanians came to similar results. Rizos, Efthymios (2018). ISBN 963-9441-87-2. Smaller percentages are Protestant, Jews, Muslims, agnostic, atheist, or practice a traditional religion. According to the 2011 Romanian census they number 51,703 people, making up 0.3% of the total population. [143] According to Vladimr Baar and Daniel Jakubek, typically pro-Russian authors in Moldova tend to argue that "Romanian" as an ethnonym is only a mere recent product from Romanian nationalist historical myths despite the attestation of this name in old documents. Convention of the Hungarian Baptist Churches of Romania, Population exchange between Bulgaria and Romania, https://www.unfpa.org/data/world-population/RO, "Infant mortality rate - the World Factbook", "COMUNICAT DE PRES: 2 februarie 2012 privind rezultatele provizorii ale Recensmntului Populaiei i Locuinelor", "Refugees fleeing Ukraine (since 24 February 2022)", "Populaia Romniei, creterea alarmant: Suntem la nivelul Germaniei. Romania has 41 counties and one city with a special status, namely Bucharest. The third theory also known as the admigration theory, proposed by Dimitrie Onciul (18561923), posits that the formation of the Romanian people occurred in the former "Dacia Traiana" province, and in the central regions of the Balkan Peninsula. Romans conquered Dacia, and then migled with the native Dacians. Topul rilor UE n care romnii reprezint cea mai mare comunitate", "Bosnia i Heregovina Comunitatea romneasc", "Total ancestry categories tallied for people with one or more ancestry categories reported, 2014 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates", "U.S. Census Bureau, 2009 American Community Survey", Romanian Communities Allocation in United States: Study of Romanian-American population (2002), "2011 National Household Survey: Data tables", "200.000 de romni triesc "visul brazilian", "AMERICA LATIN DRP Departamentul pentru Romanii de Pretutindeni", "The Week of the Romanian Diaspora in Argentina The immigration of the Romanians to Argentina", "Ci romni au prsit Romnia pentru a tri n strintate", "Romania - International emigrant stock 2019", "Ethnic composition, religion and language skills in the Republic of Kazakhstan", "Socio-economic development of the Republic of Kazakhstan", "Recensmnt 2022. Between Prespa and Kastoria, they met and fought with a Bulgarian rebel named David. Which makes the United States home to the largest Romanian community outside Romania. [7], The 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine that began on 24 February 2022 triggered a major refugee crisis in Europe. [107][108][109][110], By the 9th and 10th centuries, the nomadic Pechenegs conquered much of the steppes of Southeast Europe and the Crimean Peninsula.The Pecheneg wars against the Kievan Rus' caused some of the Slavs and Vlachs from North of the Danube to gradually migrate north of the Dniestr in the 10th and 11th centuries. Supplementary Tables", "Microsoft Word - REZULTATE DEFINITIVE RPL2011.doc", "Total Fertility Rate around the world over the last centuries", "Eurostat - Tables, Graphs and Maps Interface (TGM) table", "Bun venit la Institutul National de Statistica - Institutul National de Statistica", "Welcome to National Institute of Statistics | National Institute of Statistics", "World Population Prospects - Population Division - United Nations", "The World Factbook Central Intelligence Agency", "POPULAIA ROMNIEI PE LOCALITI LA 1 IANUARIE 2016", "GHO - By category - Life expectancy and Healthy life expecancy - Data by country", "Countries Compared by People > Total population > Age 25-29 >% of the total. In the 12th century, the Jewish traveller Benjamin of Tudela, who toured the area in 1166 called the region of Thessaly "Vlachia". - REAL-J, Gbor Almsi, Constructing the Wallach "Other" in the Late Renaissance in Balzs Trencsny, Mrton Zszkaliczky (edts), Whose Love of Which Country, Brill, Leiden, Boston 2010, p.127, Johannes Lucii, De Regno Dalmatiae et Croatiae, Amsteldaemi, 1666, pag. Miklouho-Maclay, Russian Academy of Sciences; Institute of Cultural Heritage of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova. There are no official dates for the adoption of religions by the Romanians. The Roma culture has a rich oral tradition, with an emphasis on family. The origins of the Romanian language, a Romance language, can be traced back to the Roman colonisation of the region. Other old documents, especially Byzantine or Hungarian ones, make a correlation between the old Romanians as Romans or their descendants. Ilfov County has the highest crude birth rate (12.0), while Vlcea County has the lowest crude birth rate (6.6). In the 14th century the Danubian Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia emerged to fight the Ottoman Empire. The Hungarian minority in Romania constitutes the country's largest minority, or as much as 6.0 per cent of the entire population. In addition to the colours of the Romanian flag, each historical province of Romania has its own characteristic symbol: The coat of arms of Romania combines these together. 131,788 Romanian citizens of all ethnic groups, including many, 92,746 migrants from Romania, of all ethnic groups, 46,523 Romanian citizens of all ethnic groups, 39,654 migrants from Romania, of all ethnic groups, 34,960 Romanian citizens of all ethnic groups, 32,294 born in Romania, of all ethnic groups, 31,065 Romanian citizens of all ethnic groups, 29,186 Romanian citizens of all ethnic groups, 24,376 Romanian citizens of all ethnic groups, 21,593 Romanian citizens of all ethnic groups, 18,877 migrants of Romania, of all ethnic groups, 14,684 Romanian citizens of all ethnic groups, 14,411 Romanian citizens of all ethnic groups, 5,209 Romanian citizens of all ethnic groups, 4,941 Romanian citizens of all ethnic groups, 4,902 Romanian citizens of all ethnic groups, 1,463 Romanian citizens of all ethnic groups, 200,000 migrants from Romania and Romanian citizens, of all ethnic groups, 10,000 migrants from Romania, of all ethnic groups, 20,998 first and second generation migrants from Romania, of all ethnic groups. During World War II, the Kingdom of Romania lost territory both to the east and west, as Northern Transylvania became part of the Kingdom of Hungary through the Second Vienna Award, while Bessarabia and northern Bukovina were taken by the Soviets and included in the Moldavian SSR, respectively Ukrainian SSR. (c. 845 c. 907) waged wars against three dukesGlad, Menumorut and the Vlach Geloufor Banat, Criana and Transylvania. "Scythia Minor". After Hungarians and Romani, Ukrainians of Romania are the third-largest minority. (meaning "Return, return, brother!"). [98] [99][100] Accordingly, historians have located this homeland in several places, including Pannonia Inferior (Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu) and Dacia Aureliana (Mtys Gyni). Kamusella continues by stating that they preferred this ethnonym in order to stress their presumed link with Ancient Rome and that it became more popular as a nationalistic form of referring to all Romanian-language speakers as a distinct and separate nation during the 1820s. The Roman Empire then spread this culture far and wide, affecting diverse areas of the modern world. [74], During the Middle Ages Romanians were mostly known as Vlachs, a blanket term ultimately of Germanic origin, from the word Walha, used by ancient Germanic peoples to refer to Romance-speaking and Celtic neighbours. Magoulias, Wayne State University Press, Detroit, 1984, p.238-371. It is based on fairly good data for the entire period. Three theories account for the ethnogenesis of the Romanian people. Romani people. Even before the union with Romania, ethnic Romanians comprised the overall majority in Transylvania. Most Romanians live in Romania, where they constitute a majority; Romanians also constitute a minority in the countries that neighbour Romania. [73] The indigenous population of Scythia Minor was Dacian and their material culture is apparent archaeologically into the sixth century. Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 5001250. The Romans ( Latin: Rmn; Ancient Greek: , romanized : Rhmaoi) [a] were a cultural group, variously referred to as an ethnicity [2] [3] [b] or a nationality, [4] [5] that in classical antiquity, from the 2nd century BC to the 5th century AD, came to rule large parts of Europe, the Near East and North . Kazhdan, Alexander (1991). It holds its origin from ancient Germanicbeing a cognate to "Welsh" and "Walloon"and perhaps even further back in time, from the Roman name Volcae, which was originally a Celtic tribe. Additionally, in medieval times there were other lands known by the name 'Vlach' such as Great Vlachia, situated between Thessaly and the western Pindus mountains, of the Despotate of Epirus between the 12th-15th century. Moscow: Nauka, 2010, pp. M. N. Guboglo, V. A. Dergachev; Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology. Another important document mentioning Romanians (Vlachs) from the South King Burebista who reigned from 82/61 BC to 45/44 BC, was the first king who successfully unified the tribes of the Dacian kingdom, which comprised the area located between the Danube, Tisza, and Dniester rivers. It has been argued by some Romanian researchers that "Ramunc" was not the name of the duke, but a name that highlighted his ethnicity. ), and the endonym (the name they used for themselves) Romanians (Rumni/Romni). Then, it gradually changed to Romanian. Roman Catholics, largely ethnic Hungarians and Germans, constitute 4.7% of the population; Calvinists, Baptists (see Baptist Union of Romania and Convention of the Hungarian Baptist Churches of Romania), Pentecostals, and Lutherans make up another 5%. The majority of its inhabitants are ethnic Romanian and follow the Romanian Eastern Orthodox Church. Two-thirds of the ethnic German population either left or were deported after World War II, a period that was followed by decades of relatively regular (by communist standards) migration. [8] In connection with the Russian invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022, as part of the Russian-Ukrainian war, by 15 May 2022, more than 6,223,821 Ukrainian refugees left the territory of Ukraine, moving to the countries closest to the west of Ukraine, of which more than 919,574 people fled to neighboring Romania. Several inhibiting factors (not unique to this particular case) contribute towards this uncertainty, which may include: For example, the decennial US Census of 2000 calculated (based on a statistical sampling of household data) that there were 367,310 respondents indicating Romanian ancestry (roughly 0.1% of the total population).[151]. Note: Crude migration change (per 1000) is a trend analysis, an extrapolation based average population change (current year minus previous) minus natural change of the current year (see table vital statistics). George Constantinescu created the theory of sonics, while mathematician tefan Odobleja has been claimed as "the ideological father behind cybernetics" his work The Consonantist Psychology (Paris, 1938) was supposedly the main source of inspiration for N. Wiener's Cybernetics (Paris, 1948). The chaos of the 1989 revolution brought to power the dissident communist Ion Iliescu as president (largely supported by the FSN). Country comparison to the world: 106th, This page was last edited on 18 April 2023, at 05:54. "Scythia Minor". [157] However, the actual rate of church attendance is significantly lower and many Romanians are only nominally believers. [175] The eastern branches of R1b represent 7%, they prevail in parts of Eastern and Central Europe as a result of Ancient Greek colonisation in parts of Sicily as well. English translation: The Fihrist of al-Nadim. In Kazhdan, Alexander (ed.). Rootsi, Siiri (2004). The Istro-Romanians are the closest ethnic group to the Romanians, and it is believed they left Maramure, Transylvania about a thousand years ago and settled in Istria, Croatia. A far better indicator of the Roman outlook is the remarkable practice of extending citizenship to manumitted slaves almost all of whom (or their ancestors) came from abroad. Hungarian, Romani, Ukrainian, German, Turkish, Tatar, Russian, Lipovan, Serbian, Slovak, Czech, Polish etc. Romanian society is family-centered, and family ties are usually strong, which is why the relatives' opinions will also be very important. The 2021 Romanian census found that just under 89.3% of Romania's citizens identified themselves as ethnic Romanians. [89], A series of Arab historians from the 10th century are some of the first to mention Vlachs in Eastern/South Eastern Europe: Mutahhar al-Maqdisi (c.945-991) writes: "They say that in the Turkic neighbourhood there are the Khazars, Russians, Slavs, Waladj (Vlachs), Alans, Greeks and many other peoples". Tartu University Press. For the United States 2000 Census figures, almost 20% of the total population did not classify or report an ancestry, and the census is also subject to undercounting, an incomplete (67%) response rate, and sampling error in general. However, it is generally accepted that ethnicity includes all of these aspects, and others, in combination. Under the Equality Act 2010, ethnicity includes colour, nationality and ethnic or national origins 30. Count Dracula is a worldwide icon of Romania.