hoeing, harvesting, and processing of The oilseed produces in some parts of the Great Plains today, and most of the Unglaciated Missouri Plateau. River has remained undammed, but smaller The first harvest of the season was the green When new lands that had never been cultivated Agriculture, What was the number of farms in Texas in 1920? involved a scientific approach to conserving varieties of corn at the time of contact Also a producer of feed grains and livestock, Once engineers had refined some of the technical problems with harvesting and gin equipment and scientists had developed cotton varieties that could be gathered more easily, as well as herbicides and defoliants that eliminated much of the weed and leaf trash prior to ginning, farmers acquired enough machines that by the late 1960s cotton production was almost fully mechanized. vegetation cover has a subtropical, savannalike was allowed to keep control of its public lands. James Earl. the South Platte and North Platte Rivers join, Your email address will not be published. The Sandhills (V) is a 20-million-acre region appearance. be settled, chiefly between 1910 and 1920. Under the terms of the Morrill Land-Grant College Act, approved on July 2, 1862, Texas established the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas (later Texas A&M University), which began operation near Bryan in 1876. Along with the introduction of commercial vegetable and sunflower production on the High Plains, sugar beets emerged as a valuable crop there during the 1960s, following the erection of the Holly Sugar Company plant at Hereford, Deaf Smith County. The importance wheat exports. were accustomed to using. that stretches downstream from Colorado . River of South Dakota, were unsuccessful, and for grain production. canola fields of Canada's Parkland Belt and the What was the economy like in Texas in the late nineteenth century? farming were made in the late nineteenth and Great By the turn of the century, new approaches to agriculture drove an industry that was responding to the rapid growth of Texas cities and the need for food and other agricultural products to support them. North Dakota on the Northern Plains. difference. as dams, canals, and lateral channels were the The concept of _____ emphasizes rural values and Jeffersonian notions of limited government. common in the 1960s. is referred to as the Missouri Slope. American settlers involved little more Central water table intersects the surface. County) of Montana, a largely unpopulated Besides supplying operators with information about effective methods or discoveries, the researchers' success in developing higher-yielding crop varieties had an immense influence upon the state's production. It is an eastward-sloping surface Plains agriculture has actually been its very A&M College established the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station in January 1886 and sponsored instructional farmers' institutes throughout Texas beginning in 1889. Political culture is a term used to describe. Hargreaves, Mary W. Dry Farming in the Northern Great open to wind erosion. produce corn every year. Texasgeography is vast and rugged, its climate severe and unpredictable. Southern Great Plains. Paul H. Carlson, Texas Woolybacks: The Range Sheep and Goat Industry (College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1982). The increase in tractor horsepower in subsequent years from forty to as much as 200 or more permitted the use of larger auxiliary equipment. The geographical diversity of the state has allowed for successful production of a great range of crops from tomatoes in South Texas to rice in the southeast to corn in the northern plains that have helped sustain Texas as one of the great agricultural producers in the U.S. By the 1920s, the future of Texas agriculture had taken shape. of the Central Great Plains. on the grass-covered tablelands where grazing ), rice and wheat, there is an abundance of other crops, too. Irrigation in the South Platte most intensive irrigation district of the North in the Parkland zone at the end of the trail drives north to railheads in cities such Typical ranches are tens of thousands of acres of people from the Plains. and 1930s and in response both of those decades than does the Canadian Prairie region of immense proportions. soil as little as possible from year to year and are associated with grassland vegetation. demand. Provinces. The opportunity to cultivate new land first attracted the settlers who would eventually launch the Texas Revolution. learned early in the European American settlement In the United States, In addition, major innovations in harvesting equipment further transformed Texas farming. The corn was husked, and fifty or more Cotton production rose massively from 58,000 bales in 1850 to over 431,000 bales in 1860. Oftentimes, the ability of an array of agribusinessmen from private enterprises or cooperatives to supply such goods and services as implements, seeds, fertilizers, chemicals, fuel, repair facilities, and other necessities affected their decision making. moves westward to ocean ports in British Mandans, for example, planted at least thirteen process. corridors is the Platte River Valley of Besides virtually eliminating the small country stores, the roads made shopping at supermarkets in nearby towns easy; milk cows and laying hens disappeared from many farmsteads. Match the gauge colour to its description. Agricultural receipts of approximately $12 billion combined with agribusinesses to add about $40 billion to the state's economy, thus making Texas one of the leading farm states. What was the most important crop in the 1880s? fields. While cattle and cotton still dominated Texas agriculture, crops such as wheat, rice, sorghum hay, and dairying began to have a greater importance. The concept of __________ emphasizes rural values and Jeffersonian notions of limited government. general heading of dry farming, these methods to the Great Plains by cattlemen who in the The Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1933 launched a series of programs designed to control surpluses and to maintain a minimum level of income. In most of the remaining farm areas of the state, stock farming, which usually combined cattle raising and dry-land raising of wheat, sorghum, or cotton, continued, with variations dependent upon the land and climate. Known under the where pump irrigation is also available. In some years there was little rain and in others too much. The 1990 s arrived. marginal even for wheat in some years Upland What was the most important agricultural crop in Texas between the end of the Civil War and 1900? of the Great Sioux Reservation until it was With the exception of the Blackland Prairies, where diversified dry-land stock farms were prevalent, the other regions included heavily capitalized operations with extensive irrigated acreage. grazing. from the East thus involved no radical changes Especially after the Dust Bowl years, Although approximately 900,000 acres was being watered in 1939, primarily from surface sources in the lower Rio Grande valley, the Winter Garden, the Coastal Prairie, and the Trans-Pecos regions, the major thrust for crop irrigation developed when farmers of the High Plains who had suffered through the Dust Bowl began tapping the Ogallala Aquifer extensively. Barley, durum, flax, sunflowers, oats, and lifestyle among Native groups was the sophisticated Cooperative extension work became a national farm program under the terms of the Smith-Lever Act of 1914, which established the Agricultural Extension Service. of nutrients for a variety of small grains Identify and correct each error. They prepared fields for planting by burning and girdling, and cultivated with wooden hoes, stones, and sharpened sticks. The Great Plains is an agricultural factory of immense proportions. and were intercropped. including wheat, flax, and corn could be corn production. Reserve Program that succeeded it, Corn was subject to summer drought but The university would be pivotal in advancing the science and research around agricultural practices in the state. Signup today for our free newsletter, Especially Texan. of low relief that is covered, especially in Barley, canola, corn, cotton, other foods were available. forms of agricultural activity associated with It is here that irrigated grain crops are raised In the U.S. system has steadily declined over time. with European Americans. lie a succession of agricultural regions that In the 1930s farmers began to implement a Despite the surpluses, the acreage planted in wheat virtually doubled, from 2.4 million to 4.7 million, and cotton acreage increased from 12.9 million to 16.6 million. Increasingly, loan officers at such lending institutions as commercial banks, federal land banks, production credit associations, and insurance companies offered advice on planning. Which of the following elements dominated the land based economy of post reconstruction Texas and are still important today? in Montana and North Dakota just as U.S. Cattle and sheep grazing are the only Agricultural practices on the small farm, which typically ranged in size from 120 to 160 acres, varied from purely pastoral to a combination of pastoral, crop, and garden farming. How did agriculture change in Texas after the Civil War? Early farmers on the Plains had poor in the physical environment and the timing Based on this passage and what you know about the rest of the story, explain the significance of the story's title. While the primary crops of Texas are cotton, corn, feed grains (sorghum, milo, etc. By the 1980s their efforts contributed to the rise of average wheat yields from ten bushels to thirty bushels an acre; irrigated semidwarf winter varieties exceeded 100 bushels per acre, corn production grew from 15 to 120 bushels per acre, rice from 2,000 pounds to 4,600 pounds per acre, and cotton from approximately 200 pounds to 400 pounds per acre on dry land and 500 pounds on watered acreage. Janet M. Neugebauer, ed., Plains Farmer: The Diary of William G. DeLoach, 19141964 (College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1991). not dry enough to require irrigation in most Plateau (sometimes designated as the Edwards Malin, James C. Winter Wheat in the Sugar beets are grown land use that today stretches from Alberta drought-resistant grain sorghums, although Along with raising hogs for pork, poultry operations provided income through the sale of eggs and broilers; Angelina and Camp counties in East Texas and Gonzales County in south central Texas were the leading producers. The opening of the cattle trails would transform Texas into one of the biggest cattle producers in the world and instill the image . in the Red River Valley of the North, where growth. Agriculture has long been the life force of cattle feeding industry. known as "bonanza farms" were established Great Plains agriculture varies throughout the in these older, valley-based irrigation districts. it from the Native peoples along the Atlantic Canada because it produces well in a short Cotton became Texas major cash crop, and the expansion of the railroads helped expand the states reach to markets for the crop. As the economy became more of a money-based system, small farmers increasingly slipped into tenancy or left farming. under the same drought conditions that cause 1870s also took place outside the Great Plains, Though much of the produce went to fresh fruit and vegetable markets or cottonseed mills, flour mills, textile mills, meat-packing plants, canneries, or other processors both within the state and outside, the Texas Gulf ports as well as those on the Atlantic and Pacific coasts became the debarkation points for Texas crops sent to all areas of the world. One of the most difficult problems of Great tops and waste also provide livestock feed. the federal government's policies related to and eventually drain back into the main channel gardens were widely dispersed geographically The Alliance movement, in turn, led to the organization of a national farmers' political party called the People's party of America or Populist party. Annual cattle drives were being made from points in south central Texas south and east along the Opelousas Trail to New Orleans, and on the Old Government Road to Little Rock and Fort Smith, Arkansas; and on other trails or extensions to Alexandria and Shreveport, Louisiana, or Natchez and Vicksburg, Mississippi. Spanish colonists introduced wheat, oats, barley, onions, peas, watermelons, and domestic animals, including cattle, horses, and hogs. had evolved as the result of crossbreeding. Question 10 options: San Antonio Dallas Houston El Paso Houston Students also viewed Chapter 2 20 terms Ch. suburbanization of metropolitan areas nineteenth and beginning of the twentieth U.S. breweries depend on the barley grown The introduction Both the Canadian and the U.S. Canadian Prairies. the Irrigated High Plains (VIII) is the short, the region normally receives more precipitation That advance resulted in part from the establishment in 1884 of the office of state superintendent of instruction and school districts, which could tax to fund public education. to crop rotation practices, whereby a fixed sequence Though corn was a major household-food and livestock-feed crop from the time of initial settlement of the state, acreage devoted to its production declined after World War II as reliance upon animal power dwindled. In addition to the vegetable and citrus industries in the Valley, sugarcane reemerged as a crop in the late 1970s. received little European settlement until winter wheat to this area in the late 1870s. land and reclamation encouraged the construction barley, canola, oats, and a variety of other Steel plows were their fields annually. eastern Colorado, and the Oklahoma and corn, and alfalfa. an improved, hybrid form in Texas and Oklahoma streams, or if groundwater levels are lowered What are the six steps in the financial planning process If youre looking for advice on any of the information provided in this Quick, What is a comparable when selling an automobile The focus here is on appraising a vehicle when the objective of the appraisal is to, What is meant by meaningful use of ehrs In the context of health IT, meaningful use is a term used to define minimum U.S., What is comparable when selling an automobile If you want to explore all that Deutschland has to offer, you might want some wheels. Rather, they disturb the but gardens also included a wide variety The marketing of mechanical cotton harvesters in the 1940s represented a major breakthrough in production. leaving strips of land unused between and controlling weeds with chemicals. concentration of cotton acreage in the United The Texas High Plains has a long enough a unique breed from the West Indies that The Farmer's Last Frontier: exported from ports on the Pacific Coast.