Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). [11], In 1654, in the midst of this period of turmoil for Right-bank Ukraine, groups of people came onto the banks of Lopan and Kharkiv rivers where they resurrected and fortified an abandoned settlement. [12] There is a folk etymology that connects the name of both the settlement and the river to a legendary cossack founder named Kharko[13] (a diminutive form of the name Chariton, Ukrainian: , romanized:Khariton,[1] or Zechariah, Ukrainian: , romanized:Zakharii). The representatives to the city council are elected every four years. 60,000 were forcibly transported to Germany as slave workers (Ostarbeiter). [87] Kernes persuaded the police to storm the regional administration building and push out the separatists. All the rivers interconnect in Kharkiv and flow into the river of Northern Donets. Blind Ukrainian street musicians Kobzars were also rounded up in Kharkiv and murdered by the NKVD. [88], Relatively peaceful demonstrations continued to be held, with "pro-Russian" rallies gradually diminishing and "pro-Ukrainian unity" demonstrations growing in numbers. [93][94][95] On 28 September, activists dismantled Ukraine's largest monument to Lenin at a pro-Ukrainian rally in the central square. Kharkiv is one of the main cultural centres in Ukraine. The city has a high concentration of research institutions, which are independent or loosely connected with the universities. [169], The Kharkiv Theatre of the Young Spectator (now the Theatre for Children and Youth) is one of the oldest theatres for children.[170]. There is the Kharkiv Scientists House in the city, which was built by A. N. Beketov, architect in Kharkiv in 1900. Kharkiv Oblast Kharkiv Raion Alternative forms (from Russian) Khar'kov, Kharkov, Char'kov, Charkov, Har'kov, Harkov; Etymology . [citation needed] Gorky park, or Maxim Gorky Central Park for Culture and Recreation, is Kharkiv's largest public garden. Ed. While Kharkiv is the administrative centre of the Kharkiv Oblast (province), the city affairs are managed by the Kharkiv Municipality. 23 August 1943 saw a final liberation. [60] What remained of the pre-war Jewish population of 130,000, were slated by the Germans for "special treatment": between December 1941 and January 1942, they killed and buried an estimated 15,000 Jews in a ravine outside of town named Drobytsky Yar. [26], When in Petrograd Lenin's Council of People's Commissars disbanded the Constituent Assembly after its first sitting, the Tsentralna Rada in Kyiv proclaimed the independence of the Ukrainian People's Republic (UPR). - ", " " - ". [109] On 27 February, the governor of Kharkiv Oblast Oleh Synyehubov claimed that Russian troops were repelled from Kharkiv. From fortress to capital. The Kharkiv Puppet Museum is the oldest museum of dolls in Ukraine. Kharkiv is one of the most important cultural and educational centres of Ukraine. [147][148][149] Kharkiv has a diversified service economy, with employment spread across a wide range of professional services, including financial services, manufacturing, tourism, and high technology. The Tsentralna Rada (central council) of Ukrainian parties in Kyiv authorised the Secretariat to negoitate national autonomy with the Russian Provisional Government. [89][90][91] Violent clashes resulted in the severe beating of at least 50 pro-Ukrainian protesters in attacks by pro-Russian protesters. [39] By 1937 the output of Kharkiv's industries was reported as being 35 times greater than in 1913. [43] The Ukrainization policy was reversed, with the prosecution in Kharkiv in 1930 of the Union for the Freedom of Ukraine. The mayor of Kharkiv has the executive powers; the city council has the administrative powers as far as the government issues are concerned. The site of shelling in Kharkiv, Ukraine, on Thursday. [25], In the Russian Constituent Assembly election held in November 1917, the Bolsheviks who had seized power in Petrograd and Moscow received just 10.5 percent of the vote in the Governorate, compared to 73 percent for a bloc of Russian and Ukrainian Socialist Revolutionaries. Horseriding as a sport is also popular among locals. [85], Kharkiv's mayor, Hennadiy "Gepa" Kernes, elected in 2010 as the nominee of the Party of Regions, was placed under house arrest. Besides, there are 22 large companies with the workers' number ranging from 201 to 600. Its most prominent member was the philosopher, linguist and pan-slavist activist Oleksandr Potebnia. (2001) 1,470,902; (2021 est.) [12] One of its later graduates was In Ivan Franko to whom it awarded a doctorate in Russian linguistics in 1906. [122], According to the 1989 Soviet Union Census, the population of the city was 1,593,970. [74], In the 1 December 1991 Referendum on the Act of Declaration of Independence, on a turnout of 76 percent 86 percent of the Kharkiv Oblast approved separate Ukrainian statehood. While the Russian language is primarily spoken in the cities of Kharkiv oblast, elsewhere in the oblast most inhabitants speak Ukrainian . Mysteries of the underground Kharkov. Poliakova. [55][56] A disastrous Red Army offensive failed to recover the city in May 1942. [12] There were 10 towers of which the tallest, Vestovska, was some 16 metres (52ft) high. Being an important transportation centre of Ukraine, many different means of transportation are available in Kharkiv. Heres why. The Kharkiv region also contains the second-largest (after Kyiv) number of military-related enterprises (eighteen), including the Malyshev tank factory and the Kharkov Morozov Machine Building Design Bureau known for manufacturing the T-34 tanks used in World War II and the most modern Ukrainian tank, the Oplot. The Malyshev factory produces not only armoured fighting vehicles, but also harvesters. Most Kharkiv residents are Russian speakers, and many are ethnic Russians. The site of the city is a hilly plain more than half of the area of the city is about 100m above sea level. In 1765 Kharkiv was established as the seat of a separate Sloboda Ukraine Governorate. The territory of Kharkiv is divided into 9 administrative raions (districts), until February 2016 they were named for people, places, events, and organizations associated with early years of the Soviet Union but many were renamed in February 2016 to comply with decommunization laws. "Kharkov" redirects here. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/24/world/europe/kharkiv-russia.html. Anyone can read what you share. The mayor and city council hold their regular meetings in the City Hall in Kharkiv. As of April 2018, there were 25,000 specialists in IT industry of the Kharkiv region, 76% of them were related to computer programming. From Ukrainian (Xrkiv), from Old Ruthenian (compare Russian (Xrkov), whence English Kharkov). [111] Video purported to record explosions and fire at the plant on 25 and 27 February 2022. Today, Kharkiv is often referred to as the "capital city" of Ukrainian science fiction and fantasy. In the event, the only demand fulfilled was the removal of the Communist Prime Minister. This valley lies from the North West to the South East between the Mid Russian highland and Donetsk lowland. [80][84] Doubts arose about their local origin as they had initially targeted the city's Opera and Ballet Theatre before recognising their mistake. [141] The St. Trinity Orthodox Church was built in Kharkiv in 17581764 and re-built in 18571861. [12], In the course of the 19th century, although predominantly Russian speaking, Kharkiv became a centre of Ukrainian culture. [53][54] The site also contains the numerous bodies of Ukrainian cultural workers who were arrested and shot in the 193738 Stalinist purges. There is also a female football club WFC Zhytlobud-1 Kharkiv, which represented Ukraine in the European competitions and constantly is the main contender for the national title. The highest point above sea level, in Pyatikhatky, is 202m, and the lowest is Novoselivka in Kharkiv is 94m. There are a large number of broadcast and internet TV channels, AM/FM/PM/internet radio-stations, and paper/internet newspapers in Kharkiv. The leading group active in the Philharmonic is the Academic Symphony Orchestra. [88], Police action against the separatists was reinforced by a special forces unit from Vinnytsia directed by Ukrainian Interior Minister Arsen Avakov and Stepan Poltorak the acting commander of the Ukrainian Internal Forces. [161][162] On 29 January[O.S. "The publication of sources on the history of the 1932-1933 famine-genocide: history, current state, and prospects". [citation needed], Due to the comparably narrow market for IT services in Ukraine, the majority of Kharkiv companies are export-oriented with more than 95% of total sales generated overseas in 2017. Kharkiv, Ukraines second-largest city and a major target of Russias invading forces, has a special place in the Kremlins version of history, which portrays it as the place that demonstrates the folly of Ukraine trying to live apart from Russia. [81] But Pro-Yanukovych demonstrations, held near the statue of Lenin in Freedom (previously Dzerzhinsky) Square, were similarly small. [178][179], The annual festival is usually conducted in May. Located 25 miles from the Russian border, Kharkiv has great strategic importance as the gateway to the east of Ukraine. Kharkiv is closer to Russia than any other large Ukrainian city. - (Living Kharkiv. Kharkiv is connected with all main cities in Ukraine and abroad by regular railway services. The ousted president fled to Kharkiv, where the mayor at the time, Hennadiy Kernes, hosted a congress of pro-Russia politicians and officials from largely Russian-speaking regions in the east and southeast of Ukraine. [179][180]. [99] According to SBU investigator Vasyliy Vovk, Russian covert forces were behind the attacks, and had intended to destabilise the otherwise calm city of Kharkiv. Kharkiv (Ukrainian: , IPA: [xrkiu] ()), also known as Kharkov (Russian: o, IPA: [xarkf]), is the second-largest city and municipality in Ukraine. KHARKIV, Ukraine - When Fuminori Tsuchiko arrived in the eastern Ukrainian city of Kharkiv last year, he said he wanted to do anything he could to help people following Russia's invasion. Kharkiv has 212 (secondary education) schools, including 10 lyceums and 20gymnasiums. . The city is in the northeast of the Ukraine. In March and April 2014, security forces and counter-demonstrators defeated efforts by Russian-backed separatists to seize control of the city and regional administration. He died of COVID-19 related complication in December 2020. [61] Over their 22 months occupation they executed a further 30,000 residents, among them suspected Soviet partisans and, after a brief period of toleration, Ukrainian nationalists. The Red Army committed 765,300 men to this offensive, suffering 277,190 casualties (170,958 killed/missing/PoW, 106,232 wounded) and losing 652 tanks, and 4,924 guns and mortars. Targets of these attacks included a rock pub known for raising money for Ukrainian forces, a hospital for Ukrainian forces, a military recruiting centre, and a National Guard base. Over the past week, Kharkiv has experienced some of the worst Russian shelling it has seen to date, killing more than 15 people, as worries grow in Kyiv that Russia is now mounting another attack. "How to spell Kharkiv or Kharkov", "what language do they speak in Kharkov", "is Kharkiv the same as Kharkov", and other Google searches have boomed since Feb. 24. If a word is same in both languages, you have to change O for I and you've got a . Overall, the estimated revenue of Kharkiv IT companies will more than double from $800 million in 2018 to $1.85 billion by 2025. [72], Kharkiv's Jewish community revived after World War II: by 1959 there were 84,000 Jews living in the city. During the Soviet era, Kharkiv was the capital of industrial production in Ukraine and a large centre of industry and commerce in the USSR. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. The rights groupwhich noted the "inherently indiscriminate nature of cluster munitions and their foreseeable effects on civilians"based its assessment on interviews and an analysis of 40 videos and photographs. This was to remain independent of, and opposed by, the Bolshevik faction of the Russian SDLP. ", Poroshenko opens new subway station in Kharkiv, "Railway Stations:: Euro-2012:: - ", "Main | 5th Kharkiv International Marathon", "Kharkiv International Marathon 2017 - Race Details - Marathon Runners Diary", "Ukraine Sport Events - ", "Kharkiv International Marathon 2016 ", "- Superior Golf & Spa Resort ", "zabytki.in.ua/ru/430/kharkovskii-ippodrom", " - ", " . The Battle of Kharkiv was a military engagement that took place from February to May 2022 in and around the city of Kharkiv in Ukraine, . The 2010 competition was cancelled by the Ukrainian Ministry of Culture two days before its opening. It produced x-ray apparatus for the whole country.[163]. [12] As new buildings were going up, many of city's historic architectural monuments were being torn down. [37], Under Stalin's First Five Year Plan, the city underwent intensified industrialisation, led by a number of national projects. Corrections? Among them are three national science centres: Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology, Institute of Meteorology, Institute for Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine and 20national research institutions of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine, such as the B Verkin Institute for Low Temperature Physics and Engineering, Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine, State Scientific Institution "Institute for Single Crystals", Usikov Institute of Radiophysics and Electronics (IRE), Institute of Radio Astronomy (IRA), and others. The city was also the scene of heavy fighting during the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022. [62] Houses and factories were rebuilt, and much of the city's center was reconstructed in the style of Stalinist Classicism. The annual science fiction convention "Star Bridge" ( ) has been held in Kharkiv since 1999.[173]. Kharkiv, Russian Kharkov, city, northeastern Ukraine. . It is the second largest city in Ukraine and is the centre of a metropolitan area comprising many satellite towns. [59], On the eve of the occupation, Kharkiv's prewar population of 700,000 had been doubled by the influx of refugees. For other uses, see, Il'ya I. Mechnikov, Lev D. Landau, Simon A. Kuznets Nobel Laureates Monuments at. [44], In 1932 and '33, the combination of grain seizures and the forced collectivisation of peasant holdings created famine conditions, the Holodomor, driving people off the land and into Kharkiv, and other cities, in search of food. Kharkiv is an important religious centre in Eastern Ukraine. 456. [42] The city's Jewish population, 62,800 in 1970,[42] had dropped to 50,000 by the end of the century. . ", " - ", " >> . . ", " .. Updates? Led by their otaman Ivan Kryvoshlyk, the refused refused. [17], Kharkiv University was established in 1805 in the Palace of Governorate-General. Soviet anti-Zionism restricted expressions of Jewish religion and culture, and was sustained until the final Gorbachev years (the confiscated Kharkiv Choral Synagogue reopened as a synagogue in 1990). [73] During the 1990s post-Soviet aliyah, many Jews from Kharkiv emigrated to Israel or to Western countries. [19] In 1844 the 90 metres (300ft) tall Alexander Bell Tower, commemorating the victory over Napoleon I in 1812, was built next to the first Assumption Cathedral (later to be transformed by the Soviet authorities into a radio tower). Kharkiv was founded in 1654 as a fortress, and grew to become a major centre of industry, trade, and Ukrainian culture in the Russian Empire. The Kharkiv Puppet Theatre (The Kharkiv State Academic Puppet Theatre named after VA Afanasyev) is the first puppet theatre in the territory of Kharkiv. Under the tsars, Russian was the language of officialdom and education. X.: , 2006. The Kharkiv North Airport is a factory airfield and was a major production facility for Antonov aircraft company. The first train to arrive in Kharkiv came from the north on 22 May 1869, and on 6 June 1869, traffic was opened on the KurskKharkivAzov line. Kharkiv, long a melting pot of different ethnic groups, including a large Jewish population, played a particularly important role in shaping Ukraine during and after World War I. The "National University of Pharmacy" Museum was founded in Kharkiv on 15 September 2010. Today there are numerous institutions of higher education, including a university (founded in 1805) and polytechnic, medical, agricultural, and various engineering establishments. After the collapse of the Soviet Union the largely defence-systems-oriented industrial production of the city decreased significantly. In practice the share of secondary schools teaching in the Ukrainian language remained lower than the ethnic Ukrainian share of the Kharkiv Oblasts population. MUKACHEVO, Ukraine Ukrainian officials say at least 11 people were killed and more were wounded in the eastern city of Kharkiv on Monday morning after Russia launched rocket strikes, targeting. The Kharkiv National Academic Opera and Ballet Theatre named after N. V. Lysenko is the biggest theatre in Kharkiv. [48][49][50], In 1934 hundreds of Ukrainian writers, intellectuals and cultural workers were arrested and executed in the attempt to eradicate all vestiges of Ukrainian nationalism. The V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University History Museum was established in Kharkiv in 1972. That effort, supported by Russian agents and agitators from across the nearby border, quickly fizzled but generated many of the propaganda tropes now being deployed by the Kremlin: claims that Ukraine has been taken over by neo-Nazis; that Ukraines Russian speakers are in mortal danger; that Ukraine exists as a country only as result of foreign meddling. The great destruction of World War II made it possible for contemporary Kharkiv to be rebuilt as a city of broad streets, large apartment blocks, imposing, often ponderous administrative and office buildings, and large industrial plants. Kharkiv (Ukranian: - "Kharkiv", Russian: - "Kharkov") is a major city in the Kharkiv region of Ukraine and is the second largest city in Ukraine with a population of over 1.5 million inhabitants. [97][98], From early November until mid-December, Kharkiv was struck by seven non-lethal bomb blasts. .: , 2004, State archives of Kharkov Oblast. [7] Located in the northeast of the country, it is the largest city of the historic region of Sloboda Ukraine. [103], On 23 September 2015, 200 people in balaclavas and camouflage picketed the house of former governor Mykhailo Dobkin, and then went to Kharkiv town hall, where they tried to force their way through the police cordon. The mayor of Kharkiv and the city council govern all the business and administrative affairs in the City of Kharkiv. [137] The first independent all-Ukrainian population census was conducted in December 2001, and the next all-Ukrainian population census is decreed to be conducted in 2020. The International Economic Forum: Innovations. Kharkiv, Ukraines second-largest city, is a major target of Russia. Kharkiv is also the headquarters of one of the largest Ukrainian banks, UkrSibbank, which has been part of the BNP Paribas group since December 2005. Mid-century, the Khmelnytsky Uprising against the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth saw the brief establishment of an independent Cossack Hetmanate. It served as the first capital of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, a largely Moscow-controlled entity set up in opposition to the Ukrainian Peoples Republic in Kyiv, which sought to break away from Moscow and declared an independent Ukrainian state. Kharkiv (Ukrainian: = Kharkiv, Russian: = Kharkov) is a major city in the Kharkiv region of Ukraine and is the second largest city in Ukraine with a population of over 1.5 million inhabitants. There are hundreds of industrial facilities throughout the city, including the Morozov Design Bureau, the Malyshev Factory, Khartron, Turboatom, and Antonov. [30] Six weeks later, under the treaty terms agreed with the Central Powers at Brest-Litovsk, they abandoned the city and ceded the territory to the German-occupied Ukrainian State. Chief among these were the Kharkiv Tractor Factory (HTZ), described by Stalin as "a steel bastion of the collectivisation of agriculture in the Ukraine",[38] and the Malyshev Factory, an enlargement of the old Kharkiv Locomotive Factory, which at its height employed 60,000 workers in the production of heavy equipment. Kharkiv Innitiatives! but lost this function to Kyiv in 1934. Russian troops have engaged in street combat there with Ukrainian . Kharkiv, for example, which I visited over the last week, is a sad and battered city. The most successful is FC Dynamo Kharkiv that won eight national titles back in the 1920s1930s. [citation needed] It was the centre for the work of literary figures such as: Les Kurbas, Mykola Kulish, Mykola Khvylovy, Mykola Zerov, Valerian Pidmohylny, Pavlo Filipovych, Marko Voronny, Oleksa Slisarenko. Since 1997 four tri-annual competitions have taken place. [174] The Organ Music Hall is situated at the Assumption Cathedral presently. Located in the northeast of the country, it is the largest city of the historic Slobozhanshchyna region. [51] Confident in his control over Ukraine, in January 1934 Stalin had the capital of the Ukrainian SSR moved from Kharkiv to Kyiv.[52]. The facilities included chemical, physiology, and bacteriology experimental treatment laboratories. Kharkiv has a large number of green city parks with a long history of more than 100 years with very old oak trees and many flowers. 2, file 16, pp 5354, In reference to the German census of December 1941; without children and teenagers no older 16 years of age; numerous city-dwellers evaded the registration, denounced in the Soviet Union as fabrications, Referendum on the Act of Declaration of Independence, 2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine Kharkiv Oblast, was the site of heavy fighting between the Ukrainian and Russian forces, invasion of Ukraine by the Russian Federation, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Vasyl N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv National University of Radioelectronics, Kharkiv National Aerospace University "KhAI", Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology, B Verkin Institute for Low Temperature Physics and Engineering, Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine, Kharkiv National University of Arts named after I.P. In the 1930s Kharkiv was referred to as a Literary Klondike. In 1658, a new voivode, Ivan Ofrosimov, commanded the locals to kiss the cross in a demonstration of loyalty to Tsar Alexis. [12], In the Brezhnev-era, Kharkiv was promoted as a "model Soviet city". The approximate dimensions of city of Kharkiv are: from the North to the South 24.3km; from the West to the East 25.2km. [59], Before the occupation, Kharkiv's tank industries had been evacuated to the Urals with all their equipment, and became the heart of Red Army's tank programs (particularly, producing the T-34 tank earlier designed in Kharkiv).