When comparing the rate of persons shot per million population in the past two decades, NZ has doubled the rate of shootings from 0.360 per million (20012010) to 0.783 per million (20112020). The rates of persons shot by police (per 1 million) are presented as four time series in Fig. Analysis by the New Zealand Police Association has noted an increase in the frequency and severity of assaults against police (Plowman, 2010). Hendy R. (2022). However, what cannot be understood here is whether this increase in harm is reasonable considering the operational contexts. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (, Police Social Capital and the Effectiveness of Emergency Policing in China During COVID-19, Police Legitimacy in Taiwan and Policing COVID-19, Policing the worlds oldest democracy during the pandemic, Community policing and COVID-19 management: Household duties of street-level enforcers in Taiwan, New Roles, Functions, and Capabilities of Law Enforcement Officers Post-COVID-19, Independent Police Conduct Authority, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1177/146135570200400204, https://doi.org/10.1080/1043946032000116000, https://doi.org/10.1080/13642987.2020.1811694, https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/police-use-of-firearms-statistics-england-and-wales-april-2020-to-march-2021/police-use-of-firearms-statistics-england-and-wales-april-2020-to-march-2021, https://doi.org/10.1080/19361610.2020.1777807, https://doi.org/10.1080/1043946032000105381, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11572-014-9318-1, https://doi.org/10.1080/13642987.2017.1307828, https://doi.org/10.1350/pojo.2006.79.3.230, https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2017.1291592, https://thespinoff.co.nz/atea/22-10-2019/armed-police-patrols-are-a-dangerous-response-to-a-non-existent-problem/, http://www.csvr.org.za/wits/papers/papsarre.htm, https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/investigations/police-shootings-database/, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-008-9176-7, https://doi.org/10.1177/0038038597031001007, https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/99396842/police-do-not-seem-willing-to-admit-they-have-a-problem-with-the-use-of-firearms, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, Receive exclusive offers and updates from Oxford Academic. [14], The AOS was involved in the 2009 Napier shootings with the Special Tactics Group. What frequency do police use in NZ? Policing BillThird Reading, Parliametrary Debate. This app is one of top 100 most downloaded iOS apps since 2009 with tens of millions of users. Best and Quigley, 2003; Police Complaints Authority, 2003), but such an endeavour sits outside the scope of the present research. to New Zealand Police. [26][14] From the mid-1990s, females have passed and served in squads with six females in 2012 serving nationally. Channel 8 to 24 are to be used for AM transmission ONLY. These data suggest that the rate of shootings in NZ and EW has increased over a 50-year period. Featured and latest news, stories, alerts and more. We aim to have the trust and confidence of all - to achieve this we operate in accordance with our values. Our thoughts are with his family and friends at this difficult time. 3). I am requesting a list of ALL Police radio Channel Names; Analog,Digital, Trunked, GDB & Tactical (as of 16/03/2020 when request was made) throughout all of New Zealand on the Police radio system (E.g WHANG 1 , JOG D,CHCH 1 SC etc.) From 2006 to 2020, there is an upward trajectory between 0.5 and 0.8. Please note I am not requesting any sensitive information such as frequencies or talkgroup ids. The first increase coincides with a 1990 mass shooting of 13 people, including a police officer, at Aramoana, near Dunedin.4 From this point, the trendline ascends to a peak in 1999 and then remains stable to 2004. Due to the low output power of the photoradar guns, most radar detectors will give no advanced warning. January 08, 2019, To Fire and Emergency New Zealand That marked the highest percentage since at least 1968, the earliest year for which the CDC has online records. Not available to assist Operational Staff. Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice. 245263. Police operate a P25 trunked digital radio system in the ESB (VHF 138-144 MHz) and ESC (UHF 494-502 MHz) bands. Your request is being actioned pursuant to the Official Information Act 1982. International Continuities and Discontinuities in How Police Talk about Using Force, The Impotence of the Powerful: Recent British Police Weapons Policy, Armed Police: The Police Use of Firearms Since 1945. Head to your app store and leave a review, or provide feedback via this online form. Routinely Armed and Unarmed Police: What Can the Scandinavian Experience Teach Us? However, the removal of NZ shootings restores the increasing trendline of EW events that were previously obscured in Fig. Information about how you can help us prevent crime. We highlight the time-series trajectories with trend breakpoints at points of known policy implementations. February 14, 2020. In keeping with the weapons available to front-line officers, the AOS are issued with the following equipment: For deployment of CS gas, the Remington 870 shotgun and HK69A1 grenade launcher can be used while the shotgun may also apply for breaching purposes. The NZ Police app is and always will be available for free. It is also important to acknowledge that this research does not weigh issues such as population growth, changes in drug use, variations in reported crime, or other factors that may influence officer decision-making or affect the way people interact with police. Marlborough and Nelson. Hendy R. (2021b). Again, we are not opposed to the introduction of reliable equipment to policing environments. January 19, 2021, To New Zealand Police Some degree of error is anticipated when conducting research of historical data sources, and thus researchers need to be constantly vigilant to verify official data. Get the answers to some of our most common queries. About eight-in-ten U.S. murders in 2021 - 20,958 out of 26,031, or 81% - involved a firearm. The research of these Oslo officers supports earlier research which suggested that officers who were routinely armed believed that they were capable of resolving armed incidents because they were routinely armed (Squires and Kennison, 2010). PCU = Unit has recruits, but is under control/guidance of a Sworn Member. [2], Members receive additional pay above the regular police wage, an officer reported around $9,000 per year in 2008. ch 1) there are multiple VHF. For the disbanded unit of Victoria Police (Australia), see, "To Cordon, Contain and Appeal: The origins of the AOS", "You are here: Home > Record of Service: Shocker Shaw Record of Service: Shocker Shaw", "Police foil paramilitary plot napalm bomb tested", "Siege leaves community in fear Maori MP", "Offender not the person killed report", "Former police inspector says officer should face court", "Chronology of fatal shootings by NZ police", "Christchurch attacks: How police and citizens responded", "Armed Offenders Squad 50th Anniversary Media kit", "Split second decisions: police rules of engagement", "Mum joins firing line to help brothers in arms", "Sponge rounds now available to all specialist units as Authority endorses use", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Armed_Offenders_Squad&oldid=1151110987, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2012, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles containing potentially dated statements from March 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Drop-leg holsters and magazine pouches (optional to the officer), This page was last edited on 22 April 2023, at 00:32. It also gives us a new way to let people know about important things happening at Police, nationally and within the districts, as they happen. We're committed to being accessible and available. The NZ Police app makes it easier for you to access our services, information and news. These events were crosschecked against a report that was populated using open sources from media reporting and closed sourced administrative reports by one of the authors while a researcher for NZP (Hendy, 2018); published histories of NZP (Butterworth, 2005; van Beynen, 1998); and a systematic search of the NZ Independent Police Conduct Authority website (https://www.ipca.govt.nz) that lists oversight reports of police shootings from 1994. Similarly, Parent (2006) notes that there is greater availability of handguns and a higher propensity of citizens to use handguns in the USA than in Canada. There are two prerequisites for such an inquiry: (1) the rate has indeed increased, so that something caused it to occur and (2) that the increase is not a background change in all similar jurisdictions. Fire 3 and Fire 4 along with FireNorthland are fully cross linked and make up the Region 1 Talkgroup which is Fire Exclusive so region wide turnouts and responses can be heard. In the event of an incident requiring AOS attendance, the on-duty officers will be paged by the communications centre. Rates of persons shot in NZ are displayed in black (annual rate is shown as a dotted line; 10-year moving average shown as a solid line) with the rate of persons shot in EW shown in blue. Similarly, Punch (2011) focuses on the implications of the Kratos policy framework designed to respond to terror events. In contrast, histories of armed policing and writings by former practitioners have provided an alternative insight into armed policing in EW (Gould and Waldren, 1986; Waldren, 2007). As per the FYI requirements: I am a New Zealand born citizen residing in New Zealand. The rates of EW persons shot can be more easily visualized in isolation of the NZ rates (see Fig. In this study, we compare the rates of New Zealand (NZ) and England and Wales (EW) police shootings from 1970 to 2020. Our examination of these shooting events reveals that increases in shooting rates coincide with the acquisition of new weapons systems or changes to key police firearms policies. Reporting of discharges by Australian police agencies is less rigorous, where only fatal police shootings from 1990 are routinely reported by the federal government (Dalton, 1998; Doherty and Bricknell, 2020). [11] A squad member accidentally shot and killed innocent teenager Halatau Naitoko as a gunman threatened a truck driver, and Naitoko was caught in the line of fire. Here, this could mean developing better data that give the details of related factors, such as the presentation of firearms, levels of intoxication, mental health of persons shot, and any other stressors that might have contributed to the events. Policing, Firearms and Armed Response, Singing the Same Tune? From 2012, officers were no longer required to seek supervisory permission to deploy in an armed state. Buttle, 2010; Jefferson, 1990; Locke, 2008), the benefits and risks are opaque. The NZ 10-year moving average (solid line) helps to smooth out the stochastic nature of the annual time series (where the dotted line shows the alternation between 0, 1, and 2 cases per year between 1970 and 1982). Nonetheless, the police authorities are doing their best to make their frequencies more secure. A change from shoot-to-prevent paradigm to a shoot-to-kill paradigm and blurring of independent constable-led decision-making. In doing so, policing can be informed by an evidence-based approach, assessing long-term trends rather than responding to events with reactive policy. by Jonathan Brewer Non-fatal and non-injurious shootings are not routinely reported by the eight state and territory agencies. Critics have noted that officers get themselves into complex situations which lead to the inevitable use of firearms (Independent Police Conduct Authority, 2016). These data are shown in Table1. Subscribe to receive news, alerts, Ten One Magazine stories, advice of stolen boats, and safety advice by email or RSS feed. This research has shown that shift patterns affect decisions to shoot (Barton et al., 2004), high-speed driving to incidents inclines officers to develop negative perceptions of suspects (Barton et al., 2000), and that officers who have a greater focus on asking questions about suspects weaponry while deploying to the incident were more likely to shoot a suspect than those who asked fewer questions (Barton et al., 2002). It is legal to listen in to police radio communications, but it is illegal to act upon information heard. Preppers generally agree Ham is the best choice because: Ham is the only option where you can listen and talk to your local emergency services. Those four Christchurch channels use 26 frequencies in the VHF and UHF. New Zealand Radio Scanner resource website for all your Scanning needs. Tell us what weve done well and what we need to improve on. 3). Southland. The other was a non-sworn employee who holds a firearms licence. January 16, 2021, To Ministry of Business, Innovation & Employment Are you the owner of any commercial copyright on this page? 100MHZ. Their analysis noted the challenges with deploying tactical and strategic controllers to spontaneous and rapidly unfolding events. The NZ dataset comprises of 82 persons shot, with fatal injuries (n=42) and non-fatal injuries (n=40). Until this point, only the Metropolitan, Hampshire, and Nottinghamshire forces routinely deployed ARV (Waddington and Hamilton, 1997). However, our intent here is to map how policy changes may have changed police practice so as to generate further research questions (Dugan, 2010).